Creeish
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Ta Cowraghyn Canadagh 'syn art shoh. Mannagh vel jargaght jannoo screeu crampit ec y cho-earrooder ayd, foddee dy vaik uss cowraghyn feyshtey, kishtaghyn, ny cowraghyn elley ayns ynnyd ny lettyryn shillabagh. |
| Creeish | ||
|---|---|---|
| ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ nēhiyawēwin | ||
| Goll er loayrt ayns | yn Chanadey | |
| Kynneeaght | Cree | |
| Earroo loayreyderyn | 117,410 (goaill stiagh Innuish–Naskapish as Atikamekwish)[1] | |
| Kynney çhengey | Algagh
| |
| Corys screeuee | abbyrlhit Romanagh, corys screeuee Creeish (nane jeh coryssyn screeuee Canadagh) | |
| Staydys oikoil | ||
| Çhengey oikoil ayns | Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie ny Canadey | |
| Fo stiurey ec | Gyn stiurey oikoil | |
| Coadyn çhengey | ||
| ISO 639-1 | cr | |
| ISO 639-2 | cre | |
| ISO 639-3 | anchasley: nsk — Naskapish moe — Innuish atj — Atikamekwish crm — Creeish Woose crl — Creeish Hiar Hwoaie crj — Creeish Hiar Yiass crw — Creeish Churree cwd — Creeish Cheylley crk — Creeish Vagheragh | |
| [[Coadan: Caslys-çheerey faggyssagh jeh abbyrtyn ny Creeish|300px]]
| ||
| Nodyn: Foddee vel cowraghyn sheeanagh ASE ayns Unicode er yn duillag shoh. | ||
Ta Creeish (Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ ny macro-hengey Algonquiagh ta goll er loayrt ec mysh 117,000 sleih 'syn Chanadey, eddyr Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie as Labrador. Myr shen, she çhengey bun-dooghyssagh smoo ny Canadey[1] Gyn scansh da shen, cha nel stayd oikoil erbee eck agh ayns Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie marish hoght çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh elley.[2]
Ennym[reagh | edit source]
Ta enmyn dooghyssagh goaill stiagh Nēhiyawēwin ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ (Creeish Vagheragh), Nīhithawīwin (Crrish Cheylley), Nēhinawēwin as Nehirâmowin (Atikamekwish), Nehilawewin (Innuish Heear, abbyrt Piyekwâkamî), Leluwewn (Innuish Heear, abbyrt Betsiamites), Innu-Aimûn (Montagnish Hiar), Iynu-Ayamûn (Creeish Hiar Çheerey Yiass), Iyiyiw-Iyimiwin (Cree Hiar Hwoaie).
Continuum abbyrtagh[reagh | edit source]
Ta continuum abbyrtagh[noa] ny Creeish ry-rheynn rere ymmydee slattyn towsey.
Ta'n scansh smoo baghtal eddyr abbyrtyn croghey er soilshaghey y vyn-heean *n Proto-Algonquish 'syn abbyrt jeianagh:
| Abbyrt | Boayl | Soilshaghey *n |
Fockle er son "dooghyssagh" ← *enenyiwa |
Fockle er son "uss" ← *kīna |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creeish Vagheragh | SK, AB, BC, NT | y | iyiniw | kiya |
| Creeish Cheylley | MB, SK | ð/th | iðiniw/ithiniw | kīða/kītha |
| Creeish Churree | ON, MB, SK | n | ininiw | kīna |
| Creeish Woose | ON | l | ililiw | kīla |
| Creeish Hiar Hwoaie | QC | y | īyiyū | čīy |
| Creeish Hiar Yiass | QC | y | iynū | čīy |
| Atikamekwish | QC | r | iriniw | kīr |
| Naskapish | QC | y | iyyū | čīy |
| Innuish Heear | QC | l | ilnū | čīl |
| Innuish Hiar | QC, NL | n | innū | čīn |
Myr shen, ta Creeisheyryn Magheragh cur nēhiyawēwin er y çhengey, ta Creeisheyryn Keylley gra nīhithawīwin, as ta Creeisheyryn Curree gra nēhinawēwin. Ta obbyr chaghlaaee[noa] chosoylagh ry-akin ayns ny çhengaghyn Siouagh myr Dakota, Nakota as Lakota.
Ta abbyrtyn Ontario hwoaie, as slystyn James Bay yiass, Lanaudière as Mauricie ny Quebec, geddyr-scarrey /ʃ/ (sh myr shuyr) as /s/ (s myr soo). Ta abbyrtyn da'n çheear ad y chovestey myr /s/), as ta abbyrtyn ny çhiar ad y chovestey myr /ʃ/ ny /h/).
Ayns shiartase dy abbyrtyn, goaill stiagh Creeish Vagheragh hwoaie as Creeish Cheylley, ta /eː/ as /iː/ er govestey myr /iː/. Ayns boodeeyssyn Québec Chisasibi, Whapmagoostui, as Kawawachikamach, ta /eː/ er govestey marish /aː/.
Ta caghlaays sheeanagh elley croghey er cleaoilaghey *k Proto-Algonquish. Çheu hiar jeh creeagh Ontario as Quebec, er lhimmey jeh Atikamekwish, t'eh er arraghey dys /tʃ/ ny /ts/ roie breeockle toshee. Shen ry-akin 'sy cholloo *kīna heose.
Rang-oardraghey[reagh | edit source]
Ny keayrtyn, t'ad rheynn y continuum abbyrtagh ayns daa hengey, "Creeish" as "Montagnish". Ta "Creeish" goaill stiagh dagh ooilley abbyrt gyn y caghlaa *k -> /tʃ/ (Yn Cholombey Ghoaldagh–Quebec) as ta "Montagnish" çheet er yn ardjyn raad ta'n caghlaa shen ayn (Quebec-Thalloo yn Eeast as Labrador). Shen ymmydoil er son çhengoaylleeaght, agh beggan boiragh er y fa dy vel eh cur "Montagnaish" er Creeish Hiar.
Co-ordrail[reagh | edit source]
Rere cliaghtey çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh Americaanagh, she çhengey yl-chohaahagh t'ayn. Ta focklyn ny Creeish feer liauyr dy mennick, as ta un 'ockle soilshaghey keeayll lane raa 'sy Ghaelg.
Screeu[reagh | edit source]
Son y chooid smoo, ta abbyrtyn Creeish goll er screeu liorish corys screeuee Creeish rere tradishoon. Foddee oo ad y screeu 'syn abbyrlhit Romanagh chammah. Ta abbyrtyn Quebec hiar as Labrador goll er screeu 'syn abbyrlhit Romanagh ynrican. Ta shalleeyn ayn dys croo fockleyryn da abbyrtyn ny Creeish, myr sampleyr, Cree Language Resource Project.
Cummaght[reagh | edit source]
Ta cummaght ec cree er daa hengey ny Canadey Heear: Michif as Bungee.
Stayd[reagh | edit source]
Ta stayd ceaghlagh ec Creeish harrish yn Chanadey. T'ee mastey 11 hengey oikoil Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie,agh cha nel agh beggan loayreyderyn eck 'syn ard, rish Fort Smith.[2] Ayns shiartase dy ardjyn, she çhengey vio ny theay t'ayn; ta mooar-earroo ny theay nyn Greeisheyryn as t'ee goll er ynsaghey ayns scoillyn liorish ynsaghey thummee[noa] as nah hengey. Ayns ardjyn elley, t'ee parail. T'ee mastey çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh stroshey America Hwoaie, agh er y fa nagh vel monney cooney undinyssagh eck, t'ee fo gaue ny yei shen.
Imraaghyn[reagh | edit source]
- ↑ a b Statistics Canada: 2006 Census
- ↑ a b Northwest Territories Official Languages Act, 1988 (rere lhiasaghey 1988, 1991–1992, 2003)
Lioaryn[reagh | edit source]
- Ahenakew, Freda, Cree Language Structures: A Cree Approach. Pemmican Publications Inc., 1987. ISBN 0-919143-42-3
- Steller, Lea-Katharina (née Virághalmy): Alkalmazkodni és újat adni – avagy „accomodatio“ a paleográfiában In: Paleográfiai kalandozások. Szentendre, 1995. ISBN 963-450-922-3
- Wolfart, H. C. & Freda Ahenakew, The Student's Dictionary of Literary Plains Cree. Memoir 15, Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, 1998. ISBN 0-921064-15-2
- Wolvengrey, Arok, ed. nēhiýawēwin: itwēwina / Cree: Words / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ: ᐃᑗᐏᓇ [includes Latin orthographey and Cree syllabics]. [Cree–English English–Cree Dictionary – Volume 1: Cree-English; Volume 2: English-Cree]. Canadian Plains Research Center, 15 October 2001. ISBN 0-88977-127-8
- Bloomfield, Leonard. Plains Cree Texts. New York: AMS Press, 1974. ISBN 0404581668
- Castel, Robert J., and David Westfall. Castel's English–Cree Dictionary and Memoirs of the Elders Based on the Woods Cree of Pukatawagan, Manitoba. Brandon, Man: Brandon University Northern Teacher Education Program, 2001. ISBN 0968985807
- Dahlstrom, Amy. Plains Cree Morphosyntax. Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York: Garland Pub, 1991. ISBN 0815301723
- Ellis, C. D. Spoken Cree, Level I, west coast of James Bay. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2000. ISBN 0888643470
- Junker, Marie-Odile, Marguerite MacKenzie, Luci Salt, Alice Duff, Daisy Moar & Ruth Salt (réds) (2007–2008) Le Dictionnaire du cri de l'Est de la Baie James sur la toile: français-cri et cri-français (dialectes du Sud et du Nord).
- LeClaire, Nancy, George Cardinal, Earle H. Waugh, and Emily Hunter. Alberta Elders' Cree Dictionary = Alperta Ohci Kehtehayak Nehiyaw Otwestamakewasinahikan. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1998. ISBN 0888643098
- MacKenzie, Marguerite, Marie-Odile Junker, Luci Salt, Elsie Duff, Daisy Moar, Ruth Salt, Ella Neeposh & Bill Jancewicz (eds) (2004–2008) The Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web : English-Cree and Cree-English (Northern and Southern dialect).
- Hirose, Tomio. Origins of predicates evidence from Plains Cree. Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York: Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415967791
- Wolfart, H. Christoph. Plains Cree A Grammatical Study. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new ser., v. 63, pt. 5. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1973. ISBN 0871696355
Kianglaghyn çheumooie[reagh | edit source]
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- Ethnologue entry for Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi
- Fockleyr ny Creeish]
- The Cree-Innu linguistic atlas
- The Gift of Language and Culture website
- Nehinawe: Speak Cree
- The East Cree language web
- Our Languages: Cree (Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)
- Languagegeek: Cree— Fontyn OpenType
- CBC Digital Archives—Eeyou Istchee: Land of the Cree
- Path of the Elders – Explore Treaty 9, Aboriginal Cree & First Nations history.