Navahoish
| Navahoish | ||
|---|---|---|
| Diné bizaad | ||
| Goll er loayrt ayns | SUA | |
| Ard | Arizona, Noa-Veksico, Utah, Colorado | |
| Earroo loayreyderyn | 178,000 [1] | |
| Kynney çhengey | Dené-Yeniseiagh
| |
| Staydys oikoil | ||
| Çhengey oikoil ayns | Thalloo ny Navahoee | |
| Fo stiurey ec | Colleish y Navahoish | |
| Coadyn çhengey | ||
| ISO 639-1 | nv
| |
| ISO 639-2 | nav
| |
| ISO 639-3 | nav
| |
| [[Coadan: | ||
| Nodyn: Foddee vel cowraghyn sheeanagh ASE ayns Unicode er yn duillag shoh. | ||
Ta Navahoish ny Navajo (ennym dooghyssagh: Diné bizaad) ny çhengey Athabaskagh ta loayrit ayns neear-yiass ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. T'ee rere çheeroaylleeaght as çhengoaylleeaght ny çhengey Athabaskagh Yiass (ta'n chooid smoo jeh ny çhengaghyn Athabaskagh ayns y Chanadey as Alaska). Ta ny smoo loayreyderyn y Navahoish na un çhengey Americaanagh ghooghyssagh elley çheu hwoaie jeh'n joarey eddyr ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as Meksico, lesh ny smoo na 100,000 loayreyderyn dooghyssagh, as ta'n earroo shoh girree. Rish y Nah Caggey Dowanagh va coad bunnit er y Navahoish ymmydit ec loayreyderyn coadyn dy hiaull çhaghteraghtyn shickyragh caggeeagh harrish y radio.
Sheeanyn
[reagh | edit source]Ta ny corocklyn y Navahoish 'sy chairscreeu cadjinit ry-haishbyney shoh heese, lesh fockley magh ASE ayns lhoobeenyn:
Daa-veillagh Cooyl-eeacklagh Cleaoil Coghooysagh Sluggidagh meanagh lhiattagh baghtal meillaghit Bleaystagh baghtal b [p] d [t] g [kɣ] ʼ [ʔ] boggit t [tx] k [kx] kw [kxʷ] tilgit tʼ [tʼ] kʼ [kʼ] Affricaidyn baghtal dz [ts] dl [tl] j [tʃ] boggit ts [tsʰ] tł [tɬʰ] ch [tʃʰ] tilgit tsʼ [tsʼ] tłʼ [tɬʼ] chʼ [tʃʼ] Tannaghtagh neuchronnaneagh s [s] ł [ɬ] sh [ʃ] h [x] hw [xʷ] h [h] cronnaneagh z [z] l [l] zh [ʒ] gh [ɣ] ghw [ɣʷ] Stroanney m [m] n [n] Faggyssaght y [j] (w [w])
Ta kiare breeocklyn ayns Navajo: a, e, i as o. Foddee orroo dy ve:
- giare, myr a as e,
- foddey, myr aa as ee,
- stronnit, myr ą as ęę,
ny lesh un jeh kiare toanyn:
- ard, myr áá as éé,
- injil, myr aa as ee,
- girree, myr aá as eé ny
- tuittym, myr áa as ée.
Foddee dy vel cochianglaghyn anchaslagh jeu, myr ą́ą́ (foddey, stronnit, toan ard).
Imraaghyn
[reagh | edit source]Lioaryn
[reagh | edit source]Saase ynsee
[reagh | edit source]- Blair, Robert W.; Simmons, Leon; & Witherspoon, Gary. (1969). Navaho Basic Course. BYU Printing Services.
- Goossen, Irvy W. (1967). Navajo made easier: A course in conversational Navajo. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Press.
- Goossen, Irvy W. (1995). Diné bizaad: Speak, read, write Navajo. Flagstaff, AZ: Salina Bookshelf. ISBN 0-9644189-1-6
- Goossen, Irvy W. (1997). Diné bizaad: Sprechen, Lesen und Schreiben Sie Navajo. Loder, P. B. (transl.). Flagstaff, AZ: Salina Bookshelf.
- Haile, Berard. (1941–1948). Learning Navaho, (Vols. 1–4). St. Michaels, AZ: St. Michael's Mission.
- Platero, Paul R. (1986). Diné bizaad bee naadzo: A conversational Navajo text for secondary schools, colleges and adults. Farmington, NM: Navajo Preparatory School.
- Platero, Paul R.; Legah, Lorene; & Platero, Linda S. (1985). Diné bizaad bee naʼadzo: A Navajo language literacy and grammar text. Farmington, NM: Navajo Language Institute.
- Tapahonso, Luci, & Schick, Eleanor. (1995). Navajo ABC: A Diné alphabet book. New York: Macmillan Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0-689-80316-8
- Witherspoon, Gary. (1985). Diné Bizaad Bóhooʼaah for secondary schools, colleges, and adults. Farmington, NM: Navajo Language Institute.
- Witherspoon, Gary. (1986). Diné Bizaad Bóhooʼaah I: A conversational Navajo text for secondary schools, colleges and adults. Farmington, NM: Navajo Language Institute.
- Wilson, Alan. (1969). Breakthrough Navajo: An introductory course. Gallup, NM: The University of New Mexico, Gallup Branch.
- Wilson, Alan. (1970). Laughter, the Navajo way. Gallup, NM: The University of New Mexico at Gallup.
- Wilson, Alan. (1978). Speak Navajo: An intermediate text in communication. Gallup, NM: University of New Mexico, Gallup Branch.
- Wilson, Garth A. (1995). Conversational Navajo workbook: An introductory course for non-native speakers. Blanding, UT: Conversational Navajo Publications. ISBN 0-938717-54-5.
- Yazzie, Evangeline Parsons, Ed.D. (2008). Diné Bizaad Bínáhoo'aah: Rediscovering the Navajo Language. Flagstaff, AZ: Salina Bookshelf, Inc. ISBN 978-1-893354-73-9
Çhengoaylleeaght as screeuyn moyllee elley
[reagh | edit source]- Akmajian, Adrian; & Anderson, Stephen. (1970). On the use of the fourth person in Navajo, or Navajo made harder. International Journal of American Linguistics, 36 (1), 1–8.
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- Frishberg, Nancy. (1972). Navajo object markers and the great chain of being. In J. Kimball (Ed.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 1, p. 259–266). New York: Seminar Press.
- Grimes, Barbara F. (Ed.). (2000). Ethnologue: Languages of the world, (14th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-106-9. (Online edition: http://www.ethnologue.com/, accessed on November 19, 2004).
- Hale, Kenneth L. (1973). A note on subject-object inversion in Navajo. In B. B. Kachru, R. B. Lees, Y. Malkiel, A. Pietrangeli, & S. Saporta (Eds.), Issues in linguistics: Papers in honor of Henry and Renée Kahane (p. 300–309). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (1), 1–13.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (2), 51–59.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1948). The Apachean verb, part IV: Major form classes. International Journal of American Linguistics, 14 (4), 247–259.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1949). The Apachean verb, part V: The theme and prefix complex. International Journal of American Linguistics, 15 (1), 12–22.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1970). A Navajo lexicon. University of California Publications in Linguistics (No. 78). Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Kari, James. (1975). The disjunct boundary in the Navajo and Tanaina verb prefix complexes. International Journal of American Linguistics, 41, 330–345.
- Kari, James. (1976). Navajo verb prefix phonology. Garland Publishing Co.
- McDonough, Joyce. (2003). The Navajo sound system. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-4020-1351-5 (hb); ISBN 1-4020-1352-3 (pbk)
- Reichard, Gladys A. (1951). Navaho grammar. Publications of the American Ethnological Society (Vol. 21). New York: J. J. Augustin.
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- Sapir, Edward, & Hoijer, Harry. (1967). Phonology and morphology of the Navaho language. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Speas, Margaret. (1990). Phrase structure in natural language. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-0755-0
- Wall, C. Leon, & Morgan, William. (1994). Navajo-English dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-0247-4. (Originally published [1958] by U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Branch of Education, Bureau of Indian Affairs).
- Webster, Anthony K. (2004). Coyote Poems: Navajo Poetry, Intertextuality, and Language Choice. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 28, 69-91.
- Webster, Anthony K. (2006). "ALk'idaa' Ma'ii Jooldlosh, Jini": Poetic Devices in Navajo Oral and Written Poetry. Anthropological Linguistics, 48(3), 233-265.
- Witherspoon, Gary. (1971). Navajo categories of objects at rest. American Anthropologist, 73, 110-127.
- Witherspoon, Gary. (1977). Language and art in the Navajo universe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08966-8; ISBN 0-472-08965-X
- Yazzie, Sheldon A. (2005). Navajo for Beginners and Elementary Students. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Press.
- Young, Robert W. (2000). The Navajo verb system: An overview. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2172-0 (hb); ISBN 0-8263-2176-3 (pbk)
- Young, Robert W., & Morgan, William, Sr. (1987). The Navajo language: A grammar and colloquial dictionary (rev. ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-1014-1
- Young, Robert W.; Morgan, William; & Midgette, Sally. (1992). Analytical lexicon of Navajo. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-1356-6; ISBN 0825313566
Çhengaghyn Na-Dené |
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| Athabaskagh |
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| Gyn enney | Tlingitish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gyn enney | Eyakish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ta clou iddaalagh soilshaghey magh çhengaghyn marroo. Ta rolteen * cowraghey dy vel arganeys mychione oardraghey y phossan ny çhengey. |
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