Jeeagh er bun Yn Vritaan (çheer)

{{Ymmydynelley|yn çheer|Yn Vritaan}}
{{Kishtey fys çheer
|ennym_dooghyssagh            = Breizh <small>([[Britaanish|br]])</small><br />Bretagne <small>([[Frangish|fr]])</small><br />Bertaèyn <small>([[Galloish]])</small>
|ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= ''Y Vritaan''
|ennym_gienneydagh            = y Vritaan
|jalloo_brattagh              = Flag of Brittany (Gwenn ha du).svg
|jalloo_cleinney              = Armoiries Bretagne - Arms of Brittany.svg
|jalloo_caslys                = Localisation Duché de Bretagne.svg
|fo-heidyl_caslys             = Jeeraghey er soiaghey yn Vritaan er caslys-çheerey yn Oarpey
|arrane_ashoonagh             = ''[[Bro Gozh ma Zadoù]]''<br />"''Shenn-çheer nyn Ayraghyn''"
|jarroo-raa                   = ''Kentoc'h mervel eget bezañ saotret''<br />"''Ta'n baase ny share na meeonnor''"
|çhengaghyn_oikoil            = [[Frangish]]
|sorçh_çhengaghyn             = Çhengaghyn neu-oikoil
|çhengaghyn                   = [[Britaanish]], [[Galloish]]
|balley_smoo                  = [[Naoned]]
|eaghtyr_km2                  = 34,023
|eaghtyr_mi_ker               = 13,136
|pobble_ooley                 = 4,475,295
|blein_ooley_pobble           = 2007
|glooaght_pobble_km2          = 131.5
|glooaght_pobble_mi_ker       = 340.7
|ashchur_utc                  = +1
}}
She [[ard cultooragh]] ee '''yn Vritaan''' ({{lang-br|Breizh}}, focklit magh myr {{ASE|[bʁɛjs]}} ny {{ASE|[bʁɛχ]}};<ref name="Walter">{{Cite book|title=L'aventure des langues en Occident: Leur origine, leur histoire, leur géographie|author=Henriette Walter|year=2013|publisher=Robert Laffont|page=113}}</ref> {{lang-fr|Bretagne}}, focklit magh myr {{ASE|[bʁə.taɲ]}}; [[Galloish]]: ''Bertaèyn'', focklit magh myr {{ASE|[bəʁ.taɛɲ]}}). She nane jeh ny [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|h-Ashoonyn Celtiagh]] ee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celticleague.net/ |title=The Celtic League |publisher=The Celtic League |date= |accessdate=3 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-interceltique.com/festival/nations-celtes.cfm |title=Festival Interceltique de Lorient 2010 |publisher=Festival Interceltique de Lorient |date= |accessdate=3 May 2011 |archivedate=12 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612014247/http://www.festival-interceltique.com/festival/nations-celtes.cfm }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://us.franceguide.com/Cultural-Brittany.html?NodeID=1&EditoID=193027 |title=Official website of the French Government Tourist Office: Brittany |publisher=Us.franceguide.com |date= |accessdate=3 May 2011 |archivedate=11 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711023017/http://us.franceguide.com/Cultural-Brittany.html?NodeID=1&EditoID=193027 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iKIWY4P9uFwC |title=The Celtic connection |last = Price | first=Glanville |publisher=Google Books |date=30 March 1986 |accessdate=3 May 2011|isbn=9780861402489}}</ref> Roish dy daink urree dy ve ny cooid jeh [[Reeriaght y Rank]] 'sy vlein 1532 myr [[Queiggaghyn y Rank|queiggey]], by [[Reeriaght y Vritaan|reeriaght]] as, eisht, [[Diucaght y Vritaan|ghiucaght]] neuchrogheydagh ee.

Ta'n Vritaan coodaghey y lieh-innys heear hwoaie jeh mooar-heer yn Oarpey ayns shiar hwoaie y [[Yn Rank|Rank]]. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[Mooir yn Eeaght]] 'sy twoaie, liorish [[Yn Vooir Cheltiagh|y Vooir Cheltiagh]] as [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] 'sy neear as liorish [[Baie ny Biscaayn]] 'sy jiass. T'ee 34,023&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> er eaghtyr. T'ee goll er rheynn magh ayns queig rheynn: [[Penn-ar-Bed]] 'sy neear, [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]] 'sy twoaie, [[Il-ha-Gwilen]] 'sy niar hwoaie, [[Liger-Atlantel]] 'sy jiass as [[Mor-Bihan]] 'sy jiass.

'Sy vlein 1956, va gurneilys ynnydagh y Rank aachummit as va ny [[Ardjyn y Rank|h-ardjyn]] currit er bun.<ref>Michèle Cointet, op. cit., pp. 183–216 (p. 216 pour la citation)</ref> Va [[Yn Vritaan (ard)|Ard y Vritaan]] currit er bun ec y traa shen, agh cha nel yn ard coodaghey agh 80% jeh eaghtyr yn ard cultooragh. Va [[Liger-Atlantel]], mygeayrt y chaayr [[Naoned]], scarrit magh ass y Vritaan as currit stiagh 'syn ard [[Broioù al Liger]].

Ayns Jerrey Geuree [[2006]] va 4,300,500 dooiney cummal ayn. Ta 72% jeh'n phobble cummal ayns Ard y Vritaan as 28% ayns Ard Broioù al Liger. 'Sy vlein [[1999]] v'ad [[Naoned]] (711,120), [[Roazhon]] (521,188) as [[Brest, yn Vritaan|Brest]] (303,484) ny caayryn smoo ayn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&id=205|title=Les 30 premières aires urbaines métropolitaines en 2008|editor=INSEE}}</ref>

She çheer ghooie ny [[Britaanee]] ee yn Vritaan as ta'n çheer coontit myr fer jeh ny [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|h-Ashoonyn Celtiagh]] as ee freill [[Cultoor y Vritaan|enney cultooragh]] ta aahoilshaghey e [[shennaghys y Vritaan|shennaghys]]. Ta deiney ennagh cur feysht er staydys bunraghtoil roie yn Vritaan, as ta [[Ashoonaghys Britaanagh|gleashaght ashooneyragh]] shirrey ny smoo hene-reiltys da'n Vritaan çheusthie jeh'n Rank.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Sharif Gemie|title=Brittany 1750-1950 - The Invisible Nation|publisher=University of Wales Press|year=2007}}</ref>

==Shennaghys==
{{ardart|Shennaghys y Vritaan}}
===Bun roie-hendeeagh===
[[Coadan:4735.1099 Menhire,bis zu 4 Meter hoch,von OstnachWest in 1167 Meter Langen Alignements(Granit-Steinreihen) in einem Halbkreis endend Le Ménec,Carnac ,Departement Morbihan,Bretagne Steffen Heilfort.JPG|thumb|[[Lhiaghtyn Karnag]]]]
Ren ny chied deiney cummal 'sy Vritaan 'syn eash [[Shenn-Chlaghagh Lheah|Henn-Chlaghagh Lheah]]. Va ny chied chummaltee nyn [[Neanderthal]]ee. S'goan va'n boodeeys shen as v'ad feer chosoylagh rish ny Neanderthalee v'er gheddyn feie yn Oarpey Heear ec y traa shen. Cha row agh tro er lheh oc: nyn gultoor ta enmyssit "Colombagh".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Le " Colombanien ": un faciès régional du Paléolithique inférieur sur le littoral armoricano-atlantique|author=Nathalie Molines and Jean-Laurent Monnier|publisher=Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française|year=1993|page=284|volume=90|issue=4|language=Frangish}}</ref> Ta fer jeh ny [[çhiollagh|çhiollee]] shinney 'sy theihll er ve feddynit ayns [[Ploeneg]] ayns [[Penn-ar-Bed]]. T'eh mysh 450,000 bleeaney d'eash.

Ren ny chied ''[[homo sapiens]]'' cummal 'sy Vritaan mysh 35,000 RC. Ren ad cur adsyn hene ayns ynnyd ny maanal ny Neanderthalee as ren ad lhiassaghey [[çhynskyl shenndaaleeagh|çhynskylyn]] ynnydagh, gollrish y ''[[Châtelperronagh]]'' ny yn [[Malainagh|Valainagh]]. Lurg yn [[eash rioee yerrinagh]], lhig yn emshir ny s'çhoe da keyllaghey gloo 'syn ard. Ec y traa shen, va'n Vritaan cummaltit lesh boodeeyssyn mooarey ren toshiaghey nyn goorseyn bea y hyndaa veih'n theihll rouailtagh va jeant ass y çhelgeyrys as y çhaglymys gys seihll eirinagh. Haink yn eirinys gys yn ard car y 5oo villey-bleeaney RC ec arreyderyn stiagh daink veih'n jiass as y niar. Ansherbee, cha daghyr y [[Çhyndaa Noalittagh]] 'sy Vritaan er oyr ceaghley bunneydagh, agh er oyr yn arraghey stiagh moal as maylartey schleiyn.

She yn tro smoo scanshoil jeh'n Vritaan Noalittagh na'n jeeillaght vooar-chlaghagh, as, keayrtyn, t'ee coontit myr "cree" yn chultoor mooar-chlaghagh.<ref>{{cite book| first=Mark |last=Patton |title=Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany|publisher=Routledge|year=1993|page=1|language=Baarle}}</ref> Va ny lhiaghtyn shinney nyn [[carn|garnyn]] as cha voddey lurg shen va'n lught ynnydagh troggal tommanyn flahoil as [[straih claghyn|straihyn claghagh]]. Shimmey strughtoor jeh ny sorçhyn shen ta ry-gheddyn er y choose yiass 'sy [[Rheynnyn y Rank|rheynn]] [[Mor-Bihan]], goaill stiagh [[Lhiaghtyn Karnag]] as y Menhir Brisht jeh Er Grah ayns [[Mooar-chlagh Lokmaria-Kaer|Lokmaria-Kaer]], yn un chlagh smoo va currit er ny shassoo ec deiney Noalittagh.

===Rey Cheltiagh===
[[Coadan:Peuples celtes en armorique.jpg|thumb|right|Ny queig eggyssyn Goalagh 'sy Vritaan]]
Car yn [[Proto-hennaghys|eash phroto-henndeeagh]], va'n Vritaan cummaltit ec queig eggys Celtiagh:<ref name="VenceslasKruta">{{Cite book|author=Venceslas Kruta|title=Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire|page=427|publisher=Robert Laffont|year=2000|isbn=2-7028-6261-6|language=Frangish}}</ref>
* Ny '''''[[Curiosolitae]]''''', ren cummal mygeayrt y valley [[Kersaout]]. Va'n thalloo oc goaill stiagh ayrnyn jeh ny rheynnyn [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]], [[Il-ha-Gwilen]] as [[Mor-Bihan]].
* Ny '''''[[Namnetes]]''''', ren cummal 'sy rheynn [[Liger-Atlantel]] çheu hwoaie jeh'n awin [[Loire]]. Haink ennym y chaayr [[Naoned]] magh ass ennym yn eggys shen. Va broogh yiass jeh'n awin cummaltit ec eggys va nyn caarjyn, ny ''Ambilatres'',<ref>{{Cite book|author=Giot (P. R), Briard (J.) as Pape (L.)|title=Protohistoire de la Bretagne|publisher=Ouest-France Université|year=1995|page=370}}</ref> agh cha nel bioys as thalloo yn eggys shen shickyr.<ref name="VenceslasKruta" />
* Ny '''''[[Osismii]]''''', ren cummal 'sy lieh heear jeh'n Vritaan. Ren y thalloo oc goaill stiagh [[Penn-ar-Bed]] as ayrnyn heear jeh [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]] as [[Mor-Bihan]].
* Ny '''''[[Redones]]''''' (ny ''Rhedones''), ren cummal 'sy lieh hiar jeh'n rheynn [[Il-ha-Gwilen]]. Haink ennym y chaayr [[Roazhon]] magh ass ennym yn eggys shen, myrane lesh ennym y valley [[Redon]].
* Ny '''''[[Veneti (Goal)|Veneti]]''''', ren cummal 'sy rheynn [[Mor-Bihan]]. Haink ennym y chaayr [[Gwened]] magh ass ennym yn eggys shen.

Va kianglaghyn lajer ec ny h-eggyssyn shen rish ny [[Celtiee Ellanagh]], ayns traghtey yn [[stainney]] er lheh. Va fir jeh ny h-eggyssyn nyn olteynyn jeh'n "[[cochiangle|chochiangle]] Armoiragh". Er lesh [[Jool Kaesar]], ren y cochiangle shen cur ny ''[[Curiosolitae]]'', ny ''[[Redones]]'', ny ''[[Caletes]]'', ny ''[[Osismii]]'', ny ''[[Lemovices]]'', ny ''[[Unelli]]'' as ny ''Ambibarii'' stiagh ayns cochaajys.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Commentarii de Bello Gallico|author=Jool Kaesar|page=75|work=VII}}</ref>

===Rey Ghoalagh-Raueagh===
[[Coadan:Corseul - Temple de Mars 03.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|Çhiamble Vart ayns [[Kersaout]]]]
Haink er yn ard dy ve ny chooid jeh [[Pobblaght ny Raue]] 'sy vlein 51 RC. V'eh goit stiagh 'sy wheiggey [[Gallia Lugdunensis]] 'sy vlein 13 RC. Va ny baljyn as ny baljyn beggey Goalagh aalhiassit rere stundayrtyn Raueagh as va shiartanse dy chaayryn currit er bun. Ta ny caayryn Raueagh shen goaill stiagh Condate ([[Roazhon]]), Vorgium ([[Karaez-Plougêr]]), Dariotirum ([[Gwened]]) as Condevincum ([[Naoned]]). Myrane lesh Fanum Martis ([[Kersaout]]), by phreeu-valjyn ad jeh ny ''[[civitas|civitates]]'' ynnydagh. Va [[cummey moggyllagh]] as [[forym (Raueagh)|forym]] ec dagh fer jeu, as, keayrtyn, çhiamble, [[ard-cheeill]], ''[[thermae]]'' ny [[ammyr ushtey]], gollrish Karaez. Ren ny Rauee troggal tree preeu-raad trooid yn ard. Ansherbee, hannee y chooid smoo jeh'n phobbyl cummal çheu çheerey. Ren ny boddee heyrey cummal ayns bwaaneyn beggey tra va ny shellooderyn thallooin as nyn obbreeyn cummal ayns ''[[villa rustica|villae rusticae]]''. Ren y pobbyl freayll y cooilleeiney as yn ooashlaghey roish ny jeeghyn Goalagh as dy mennick v'ad sooit rish ny jeeghyn Raueagh. Cha row agh kuse veg dy yallooyn ta soilshaghey jeeghyn Raueagh feddynit 'sy Vritaan as, er y chooid smoo, t'ad goaill stiagh troyn Celtiagh.<ref name="roman">{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ac-rennes.fr/cst/doc/dossiers/archeo/archeo/classique.htm|title=Archéologie classique|editor=Université de Rennes II|accessdate=26 T. Arree 2013|language=Frangish|archive-date=2013-04-12|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130412160738/http://www2.ac-rennes.fr/cst/doc/dossiers/archeo/archeo/classique.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Car y 3oo eash, ren ny [[Frankee]], ny ''[[Alamanni]]'' as roosteyryn-marrey ruegey yn ard. Ec y traa cheddin, huitt y tarmaynys ynnydagh as va cooid vie jeh ny h-obbraghyn treigit. Son shassoo noi ny ruegyssyn, va baljyn as caayryn eigsoylagh niartit, gollrish Naoned, Roazhon as Gwened.<ref name="roman"/>

===Çheet ny Brythonee===
Ec jerrey yn 5oo eash, hoshee ny [[Brythonee]] garraghey stiagh gys Armorica. Cha nel shennaghys y chooylree leayr, agh ta farraneyn Britaanagh as Bretnagh kiangley yn arraghey stiagh shen rish persoonid va enmyssit [[Conan Meriadoc]]. Ta farraneyn lettyragh Bretnagh jeean-loayrt dy daink Conan gys Armorica marish yn 'ar-ghoaillagh Raueagh [[Magnus Maximus]], ren goaill e hidooryn Goaldagh gys Goal son e aggyrtyssyn e hickyraghey as ren eh cummal ad ayns Armorica. Gyn scansh er firrinys y skeeal shen, s'liklee dy row bishaghey ayns earroo ny cummaltee car [[ruegys Anglo-Hacsonagh er y Vretyn Vooar]] 'sy 5oo eash. Ta ard-scoillaryn lheid as [[Léon Fleuriot]] cur sannish da clowan daa-honnagh jeh'n arraghey stiagh veih'n Vretyn Vooar as, rere shen, dirree pobbyl Britaanagh seyr as hie yn [[Britaanish|Vritaanish]] er ny kioneysaghey ayns Armorica.<ref>{{cite book| author=[[Léon Fleuriot|Fleuriot, Léon]]| title=Les origines de la Bretagne: l’émigration|location= Paarys|publisher=Payot |year=1980|language=Frangish}}</ref> Car ny bleeantyn hie yn choloin Vrythonagh Armoricagh er ny lhiassaghey as ny vooadaghey as va possan dy reeriaghtyn beggey crooit. Va ny reeriaghtyn shen unnaneysit ayns ny 840yn fo [[Nevenoe]] noi'n reirey Frankagh.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith |first=Julia M. H. |title=Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992| page=80–83|language=Baarle}}</ref> Mastey ny h-arreyderyn stiagh Brythonagh, va saggyrtyn as jedyn ayn ren cooney rish sushtallaghey yn ard as eh foast ny ard paganagh ec y traa shen, ayns ny h-ardjyn çheerey er lheh.

===Ny Mean-Eashyn===
[[Coadan:Noménoë (Tenniel).png|right|thumb|''Gialdyn Nevenoe'', tarneyraght Victorianagh jeh bannag mychione Nevenoe ayns ''[[Barzaz Breizh]]'' raad dy vel eh gialdyn cooilleen er ny Frankee son dunverys çhaghter Britaanagh.]]
Ec toshiaght yn eash vean-eashagh, va'n Vritaan goll er rheynn magh ayns tree reeriaght: [[Domnonea]], [[Bro-Gerne|Kerne]] as [[Bro-Ereg]]. Beggan er veggan haink ny reeriaghtyn shen ry-cheilley myr un steat car y 9oo eash.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Christian Y. M. |last=Kerboul|title=Les Royaumes brittoniques au très haut Moyen Âge|pages=80–143|publisher=Éditions du Pontig/Coop Breizh|isbn=2-9510310-3-3|language=Frangish}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite book|first=Joël |last=Cornette|title=Histoire de la Bretagne et des Bretons|publisher=Seuil|year=2005|isbn=2-02-054890-9|language=Frangish}}</ref> Haghyr yn unnaneyssey fo reirey [[Nevenoe]], y ree v'ayn eddyr ny bleeantyn 845 as 851. T'eh coontit jiu myr y ''[[pater patriae]]'' Britaanagh. Ren e vac, [[Erispoe]], shickyraghey seyrsnys y reeriaght noa as chossyn eh [[Cah Jengland]] noi [[Çhalse Meayll]]. Chossyn ny Britaanee cah elley 'sy vlein 867 tra ren y reeriaght roshtyn y reamys smoo eck rieau: va ayrnyn jeh'n [[Yn Norman|Norman]], [[Maine (queiggey yn Rank)|Maine]] as [[Anjou]] as [[Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght]].

Ren [[ny Loghlynee]] rueggey yn Vritaan dy mennick ec toshiaght y 10oo eash. Chaill y reeriaght ny thallooyn eck 'sy niar, goaill stiagh y Norman as Anjou as va coontae Naoned currit da [[Fulk I, Coontey Anjou|Fulk I veih Anjou]] 'sy vlein 909. Ansherbee, va Naoned goit ec ny Loghlynee 'sy vlein 914 as v'eh seyrit ec [[Alan II, Diuc y Vritaan|Alan II y Vritaan]] 'sy vlein 937. Cheau Alan II ny Loghlynee slane magh ass y Vritaan as ren eh aachroo steat Britaanagh reesht. Hug eh ammys da [[Louisagh IV y Rank]] as, myr shen, haink jerrey lesh y Vritaan myr reeriaght as haink urree dy ve ny duicaght.

Hug çhiarnyn Britaanagh ennagh cooney da [[Illiam y Mainshtreilagh]] cur stiagh er Sostyn as hooar ad thallooyn mooarey ayn. Va pooar mooar ec fir jeh ny çhiarnyn Britaanagh shen as s'odjey va'n Vritaan veih steat unnaneysit. Ren y ree Frangagh freayll çhaghteryn 'sy Vritaan; va ny cochaarjyssyn conaantit ec çhiarnyn ynnydagh as s'mennick v'ad lhie harrish y cheilley; as cha row enney Britaanagh er lheh ayn. Myr sampleyr, ren y Vritaan cur y [[Frangish|Rangish]] stiagh ayns ynnyd y [[Ladjyn]] myr çhengey oikoil 'sy 13oo eash, 300 bleeaney roish cur stiagh y Rangish myr çhengey oikoil ec y Rank hene, as cha row staydys oikoil rieau ec y [[Britaanish|Vritaanish]]. Va polasee joarree yn duicaght ceaghlit dy mennick; dy cadjin va ny duicyn seyr agh ren ad conaantey cochaarjyssyn dy mennick marish Sostyn ny yn Rank. Va scansh vooar ec nyn bohlldey rish dagh ashoon car y 14oo eash er yn oyr dy row ny reeghyn Sostynagh gaggyrt er crooin y Rank.

Ayns [[Caggey yn Eiraght Britaanagh]], paart ynnydagh jeh'n [[Caggey Keead Bleeaney|Chaggey Keead Bleeaney]], ren Reeraghtys [[Blois]], lesh cooney veih ny Frangee, caggey noi Reeraghtys [[Montfort y Vritaan|Montfort]], lesh cooney veih ny Sostynee. Hooar ny Montforts barriaght 'sy vlein 1364 as va lhing seyrsnys ec yn ard derrey jerrey yn Chaggey Keead Bleeaney er yn oyr dy row yn Rank lag as chur ad stadd lesh cur stiagh çhaghteryn reeoil gys Cooyrt y Vritaan. Ansherbee, chaill y Vritaan y [[Yn Caggey Ommidjagh|Caggey Ommidjagh]] noi'n Rank 'sy vlein 1488, er coontey ny streeuyn ynveanagh er y chooid smoo. Dy jarroo, va fir jeh ny çhiarnyn caggey er y çheu Frangagh.

===Yn Unnaneys rish y Rank as yn eash noa-emshyragh===
[[Coadan:BNF - Latin 9474 - Jean Bourdichon - Grandes Heures d'Anne de Bretagne - f. 3r - Anne de Bretagne entre trois saintes (détail).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Onnee yn Vritaan]]]]

Lurg y Chaggey Ommidjagh, cha row yn duic [[Frank II y Vritaan|Frank II]] jargal e neen y phoosey gyn coardailys veih Ree yn Rank. Gyn bwooise da shen, ren ee pposey rish [[Maximilian I, Impir Raueagh Bannee|yn Impir Raueagh Bannee]] 'sy vlein 1490, agh lig eh da geyre-ghaue lesh y Rank. Ren [[Çhalse VIII y Rank]] çhionney stiagh er Roazhon as va'n poosey dollit. Fy yerrey, ren eh poosey rish [[Onnee yn Vritaan]]. Lurg hooar eh baase gyn paitçhyn, va egin er y ven-duic e eirey as e vac braar ayrey [[Louisagh XII y Rank|Louisagh XII]]. Ren Anna prowal seyrsnys y Vritaan y reayll gyn rah as hooar ee baase 'sy vlein 1514. Va'n unnaneyssey formoil eddyr y daa heer creaghnit 'sy vlein 1532 ec [[Frank I y Rank|Frank I]]. Ren eh gialdyn cur ard-chied eigsoylagh da'n Vritaan, lheid as seyrsnys veih'n ''[[gabelle]]'', keesh va currit er sollan as ee gyn foayr cadjin 'sy Rank hene.<ref>{{cite book| first=Constance |last=De La Warr| title=A Twice Crowned Queen: Anne of Brittany| editor= Peter Owen|year= 2005}}</ref>

Ren y Vritaan roshtyn lhing airhey eddyr y 15oo as y 18oo eash. Va'n ard soit er ny bollee varrey eddyr y Spaainey, Sostyn as y [[Yn Çheer Injil|Çheer Injil]] as by vooar y vondeish v'eck rere crooaght [[impiraght choloinagh y Rank]]. Va ny puirt varrey ynnydagh, lheid as [[Brest, y Vritaan|Brest]] as [[Sant-Brieg]], mooadit dy mooar as va [[an Oriant]] currit er bun 'sy 17oo eash. Va ennym mooar er [[Sant-Maloù]] er son ny lhongyn roosteyrys, as va purt vooar ayns Brest son y [[Lhuingys Frangagh]]. Daase [[Naoned]] dy tappee lesh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]]. Er y laue echey, ren yn antraie kiarail teadyn [[kennipey]] as bratyn carmeish as [[lieen]]. Ansherbee, cha lig y [[Colbertaghys|Cholbertaghys]] da rahys y Vritaan as eh greinnaghey bunneeaght ram mwylljyn çhynskyllagh er yn oyr dy row y chooid smoo jeu foshlit ayns queiggaghyn elley. ayns bishaghey marish shen, va shiartanse dy chahyn ayn eddyr y Rank as Sostyn as ad cur rish streeanaght 'sy chochionneeaght as 'sy traght as huitt tarmaynys y Vritaan ergooyl car y 18oo eash.

Haghyr daa irree magh mooar car y 17oo as y 18oo eash: [[Irree Magh ny Bonnadyn Ruy]] (1675) as [[Co-chialg Pontkalleg]] (1719). Haghyr y daa irree magh myr eiyrtys er y streeu v'ec y reiltys ayns Paarys dys meanaghey y chur er bun as er ny h-ard-chiedyn bunraghtoil v'ec y Vritaan er çheu keeshyn y jeean-loayrt.<ref>{{cite book | first=Joël |last=Cornette|title=Le marquis et le Régent. Une conspiration bretonne à l'aube des Lumières|location= Paarys |publisher= Tallandier|year= 2008}}</ref>

===Veih'n vlein 1789===
[[Coadan:Révolte Fouesnant.jpg|thumb|left|Irreyderyn magh [[Fouenant]] goit ec Arrey Ashoonagh [[Kemper]] 'sy vlein 1792.]]
Va jerrey leighoil currit rish y Duicaght car [[Irree Magh y Rank]]. 'sy vlein 1789, as v'ee rheynnit magh eddyr queig [[Rheynnyn y Rank|rheynn]]. Myrane lesh shen, chaill y Vritaan dagh fer jeh ny h-ard-chiedyn v'eck. Tree bleeaney ny s'anmey, haink er yn ard dy ve chree jeh'n sthaagey [[reeoilagh]] as Catoleagh noi'n Irree Magh car y [[Chouannerie]]. Car y 19oo eash, hannee yn Vritaan ayns goll ergooeyl er çheu yn tarmaynys as shimmey Britaanagh ren arraghey magh gys ardjyn elley jeh'n Rank, as gys Paarys er lheh. Hannee yn beoyn shen ayn derrey toshiaght y 20oo eash. Gyn bwooise er shen, hoshee yn ard jeianaghey as va raaidyn as raaidyn yiarney troggit marish y çhynskylaghey ayns buill ennagh. By ad [[troggalys lhongyn]] as obbraghyn bee (shugyr, messyn as glassraghyn anghooghyssagh, eeastyn, a.r.e.) ny çhynskylyn smoo scanshoil ayns [[Naoned]], jeeillaght glenney as [[greaseeaght]] ayns [[Felger]] as va'n [[meaineraght|veaineraght]] ry-gheddyn ayns baljyn beggey lheid as [[Kastell-Briant]] as [[Zinzag-Lokrist]] as enney mooar orroo son ny [[gleashaght obbree|gleashaghtyn obbree]] ayndaue.

Hannee yn ard dy ve feer Chatoleagh as, car [[Nah Impiraght y Rank]], va ny leaghyn cumaadagh aahickyrit. Tra va'n Phobblaght aavunnit 'sy vlein 1871 va skeealyn ayn dy row ny sidooryn Britaanagh ayns [[Camp Conlie]] car y [[Yn Caggey Frangagh-Prooshagh|Chaggey Frangagh-Prooshagh]] meehreishtit, oltooanit as soit er er yn oyr dy ren y lught reill smooinaghtyn dy nee baggyrtys noi'n Phobblaght v'ayndaue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rennes.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Telechargements/rennais/rn382/histoire.pdf|title=Rennes, guide histoire|format=PDF|date=|accessdate=3 Boaldyn 2011|language=Frangish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027074731/http://www.rennes.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Telechargements/rennais/rn382/histoire.pdf|archivedate=2007-10-27}}</ref>

[[Coadan:RAF attack Saint Malo 31 Jul 1942.jpg|thumb|Soiagh [[Shirveish Aer Reeoil]] er [[Sant-Maloù]] 'sy vlein 1942.]]
Car y 19oo eash, hoshee yn [[Britaanish|Vritaanish]] failleil er coontey polasee yn [[Frangaghey|Rangaghey]] va stiurit fo [[Treeoo Pobblaght y Rank]]. Er un laue, cha row ny paitçhyn lowit y Vritaanish y loayrt ayns ny scoillyn as ren ny fir ynsee kerraghey ad my row ad goit as ad loayrt y Vritaanish. Va fograghyn croghit ayns ny scoillyn as ad gra: "T'eh mee-lowit y Vritaanish y loayrt as shelley y hilgey" ("Il est interdit de parler breton et de cracher par terre").<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=h99nAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Il+est+interdit+de+parler+breton+et+de+cracher+par+terre%22&dq=%22Il+est+interdit+de+parler+breton+et+de+cracher+par+terre%22&cd=2 |title=Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l ...&nbsp;– Google Books |publisher=Google Books |date=19 Mean Souree 2008 |accessdate=3 Boaldyn 2011}}</ref> Er y laue elley, va'n Vritaanish (gollrish y Ladjyn) coontit myr çhengey feer-chianglt rish yn Agglish Chatoleagh Raueagh as dy row eh ny share y Rangish y loayrt er yn oyr dy row ee lowal da'n vooinjer, as da mraane er lheh, ad y heyrey veih cleayney yn agglish. Myr eiyrtys er shen, daase sheeloghey dy Vritaanisheyryn as ad coontey nyn jengey myr red nearit as wheesh as myr va jargal cha loayr ad y çhengey marish nyn baitçhyn. Chur ny faghteyryn shen rish failleil y Vritaanish.

[[Coadan:Amoco Cadiz 1 edit1.jpg|thumb|left|Ren [[deayrtey ooill Amoco Cadiz]] 'sy vlein 1978 faagailcron er ny Britaanee.]]
Ec y traa cheddin, ren [[yn Aavioghey Celtiagh]] cur rish bunneeaght [[Unnaneys Ardjynagh y Vritaan]] as, ny s'anmey, rish gleashaghtyn seyrsnys va kianglt rish parteeyn seyrsnys Yernagh, Bretnagh as Albinagh 'syn RU as rish yn [[ooilley-Cheltiaghys]]. Ansherbee, s'beg va cleayney as tayrnys ny gleashaghtyn shen as cha ren ny h-eieyn oc roshtyn y phobbyl cadjin derrey yn 20oo eash. Lig da'n ghleashaght [[Seiz Breur]], va crooit 'sy vlein 1923, lowal da aavioghey ellynagh Britaanagh<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=J. R. Rotté| last=Rotté | first=J. R.| title= Ar Seiz Breur. Recherches et réalisations pour un art Breton moderne, 1923–1947 |year=1987}}</ref> agh ren ny kianglaghyn v'eck rish y [[Natseeaghys]] as [[co-obbraghys]] [[Partee Ashoonagh y Vritaan|Phartee Ashoonagh y Vritaan]] car y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh laggaghey yn ashoonaghys Britaanagh 'sy lhing lurg y chaggey.

Hooar 240,000 dooinney baase 'sy Vritaan car y [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Une histoire de la Bretagne|author=Jean Markale and Patrice Pellerin|publisher=Éditions Ouest France|year=1994|isbn=2-7373-1516-6|page=46}}</ref> Smoo yn cragh da'n ard v'ayn car y [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]]. Va'n Vritaan goit ec y [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|Ghermaan Natseeagh]] 'sy vlein 1940 as v'ee seyrit ayns Mee Luanistyn 1944 lurg [[Obbraid Cobrey]]. Ansherbee, cha ren ny h-ardjyn mygeayrt [[Sant-Nazer]] as [[an Oriant]] livrey seose agh er y 10oo as y 11oo Boaldyn 1945, shiartanse dy laaghyn lurg tuittym y Ghermaan. Va'n daa valley scrysst dy lane ec ruegyssyn aeragh, gollrish [[Brest, y Vritaan|Brest]] as [[Sant-Maloù]], as va jeeyl jeant ayns baljyn elley lheid as [[Naoned]] as [[Roazhon]].

'Sy vlein 1956, va'n Britaan currit er ash dy leighoil myr [[Yn Vritaan (ard)|Ard y Vritaan]], agh cha row yn preeu-valley diucagh [[Naoned]] as yn [[Liger-Atlantel|ard mygeayrt-y-moo]] coontit stiagh. Gyn bwooise da shen, dreill y Vritaan y leayraght chultooragh er lheh, as dirree aavioghey cultooragh magh car ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn. Va scoillyn daa-hengagh foshlit; hoshee screeudeyryn arrane screeu arranyn 'sy Vritaan; as ren craghyn eggoaylleeagh lheid as [[deayrtey ooill Amoco Cadiz]] ny [[deayrtey ooill Erika]] as sollaghey ushtey rere eirinys muickey liggey da bunneeaght gleashaghtyn noa son yn eiraght najooragh y choadey.

==Çheer-oaylleeaght==
[[Coadan:Bretagne Cote granit rose 01.jpg|thumb|[[Coose ny Clagh Tryal Ruissagh]] mygeayrt [[Tregastell]].]]
[[Coadan:Plounéour-Ménez_2008_PD_29.JPG|thumb|[[Roc'h Trevezel]].]]
[[Coadan:France_penestin_loscolo.jpg|thumb|Yn traie ayns [[Pennestin]].]]
[[Coadan:Bretagne Finistere PointeduRaz15119.jpg|thumb|[[Beg ar Raz]], kione çheerey as y boayl smoo eearagh 'sy Vritaan as 'sy Rank]]
She yn Vritaan y [[lieh-innys]] smoo 'sy Rank. T'ee mysh 34,030&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> er eaghtyr as t'ee sheeyney magh gys y neear hwoaie as y Cheayn Sheear. T'ee çhemmit 'sy twoaie liorish [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], 'sy jiass liorish [[Baie ny Biscaayn]] as ta ny h-ushtaghyn eddyr y choose heear as [[Enez Eusa|yn ellan Eusa]] coontit myr [[Hirwazh]].

Shimmey jingey as brishey t'ayn ayns coose y Vritaan, as ta ram eayninyn, inveryn as king-çheerey ayn. Ta [[Lhoob Mor-Bihan]] ny purt najooragh vooar as mysh daeed ellan ayn. Ta'n lhoob begnagh doont da'n 'aarkey vooar. 'Sy clane, ta mysh 800 ellan nyn lhie magh veih coose y lieh-innys. She [[ar Gerveur]], 'sy jiass, yn ellan smoo ayn. Ta coose y Vritaan mysh 2,860&nbsp;km er lhiurid.

Dy cadjin, ta'n ard cronkanagh er yn oyr dy vel eh co-reggyrt da çheu heear [[glout-sleitagh Armorica]], shenn-reayn ta sheeyney magh 'sy [[Yn Norman|Norman]] as [[Broioù-al-Liger]]. Er coontey yn çheerid shen, cha nel tro çheer-oaylleeagh er lheh ayn myr joarey eddyr y Vritaan as y Rank, faagail magh yn awin [[Kouenon]] ta scarrey yn Vritaan veih'n Norman.

Ta glout-sleitagh Armorica roshtyn y boayl s'yrjey çheu mooie jeh'n Vritaan ayns [[Mayenne]] as eh 417&nbsp;m er yrjid as t'eh lhargaghey gys y neear roish t'eh çheet dy ve rea 'sy voayl smoo eearagh rish [[Menez Du]] as [[Menez Are]]. She Roc'h Ruz ayns Menez Are y cronk s'yrjey as eh 384&nbsp;m er yrjid.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.plouneour-menez.fr/fr/patrimoine-naturel.php|title=Le Roc'h RUZ , point culminant de la Bretagne|editor=Plouméour-Ménez|language=Frangish|accessdate=2014-05-25|archivedate=2013-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612003008/http://www.plouneour-menez.fr/fr/patrimoine-naturel.php}}</ref>

Ta'n ennym ''Armor'' ny ''Arvor'' ("rish yn 'aarkey", "er mooir" ny "er y vooir" 'sy Vritaanish) currit er ardjyn slystagh dy mennick as ta'n ennym ''Argoad'' ("rish y cheyll") currit er yn antraie. Va ny thallooyn share coodit lesh keylljyn mooarey agh roish ny Mean Eashyn va ''[[bocage]]'' currit ayns nyn ynnyd. Ta'n ''bocage'' Britaanagh, marish e vagheryn beggey va cruinnit liorish cleiyee hiu, begnagh immeeit veih ny 1960yn as yn eirinys nish croghey er saaseyn eirinagh noa-emshyragh, goaill stiagh y jeshaghtey.

Ta keylljyn ennagh foast ayn jiu, lheid as [[keyll Pempont]]. Ta ny thallooyn creggagh coodit lesh freoagh as moanee, as ta [[curragh|curree]] ennagh ayn 'sy Vritaan lheid as [[ar Briwer]] ta coontit stiagh ayns pairk ashoonagh ardjynagh. Ta pairk ardjynagh elley goaill stiagh Menez Are as coose Hirwazh.

===Creg-oaylleeaght===
Dirree lieh-innys y Vritaan car yn [[ard-ghientyn Chadomagh]] ren croo yn coose hwoaie eddyr [[Gwengamp]] as [[Felger]]. Dirree yn lieh yiass car yn [[ard-ghientyn Variscagh|ard-ghientyn Herkynagh]]. Ec y traa cheddin, ren bioys mooar volcaanagh faagail mooadys mooar dy [[clagh hryal|chlagh hryal]] ayn. Eddyr ny lhingyn Cadomagh as Herkynagh, va'n ard currit fo ushtey shiartanse dy cheayrtyn as daag y vooir [[fossyl]]yn as [[clagh ghrundinagh]], [[schist]] as [[clagh gheinnee]] er y chooid smoo. Er coontey shaghrynys y [[clagh eayil|chlagh eayil]] ta'n ooir 'sy Vritaan jeh cummey geayr dy cadjin. Hie glout-sleitagh Armorica er ny yeeraghey shiartanse dy cheayrtyn car crooaght [[ny Sleityn Pyreanagh]] as [[ny Beinnyn Alpagh]]. Ren caghlaaghyn ayns corrymyn y vooir as yn emshir cur rish crimmey lajer as crooaght ny smoo claghyn drundinagh. Ta'n [[ceaghley-cummey]] freggyrtagh son y schist lheeah-ghorrym as son y fo-ooir verçhagh ta ry-gheddyn er [[Groe, Mor-Bihan|yn ellan Groe]] as ee goaill stiagh [[glaacafaan]] as [[epidote]].<ref name="geology">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Sous-sol/Le-contexte-breton/Histoire-geologique|title=L'histoire géologique de la Bretagne|editor=Portail de l'information environementale en Bretagne|first=Emmanuèle|last=Savelli|access-date=2014-05-25|archive-date=2013-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320132724/http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Sous-sol/Le-contexte-breton/Histoire-geologique|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Car ny riojaghyn [[Kiaroil]], va'n Vritaan coodit lesh [[loess]] as hoshee ny h-awinyn lhieeney ny glionteenyn marish fooillee awinagh. By eiyrtys er immeeaghtyn tectonagh lajer v'ayn eddyr ny plaityn [[plait Affrickagh|Affrickagh]] as [[plait Oaraishagh|Oaraishagh]] ad ny glionteenyn hene. Cha dooar y reayrtys çheerey Britaanagh e chummey jerrinagh roish millioon dy vleeantyn er dy henney. Ta fo-ooir y Vritaan cowrit marish cooid vie dy vrishaghyn as ad croo tashtaghyn mooarey d'ushtey.<ref name="geology"/>

===Speyr===
Ta'n Vritaan ny lhie 'sy [[Sonderaght (emshyraght)|chryss honderagh hwoaie]]. Ta [[speyr vooiragh]] cheaghlagh, gollrish y [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]], eck. Ta'n fliaghey çheet neose dy mennick, agh s'mennick ta laaghyn grianagh ayn gyn bodjallyn. Ayns ny meeghyn souree, fodee ny çhiassidyn 'syn ard roshtyn 30°C (86°F), agh ta'n speyr tannaghtyn gerjoilagh. Ta ny çhiassidyn ayns ny meeghyn souree mysh queig keim jeig ny s'çhoe na ny t'ayn ayns ny meeghyn geuree, agh t'eh croghey er foddeeaght y vooir. Ta'n emshir ny s'buiggey er y choose na 'syn antraie agh ta'n fliaghey çheet cha mennick er y choose as t'eh 'syn antraie. Gyn bwooise da yrjid injil Menez Are, ta ny smoo fliaghey çheet neose ayn na 'sy chooid elley jeh'n ard. Ta'n coose yiass, eddyr an Oriant as [[Pornizh]] geddyn ny smoo na 2,000 oor dy hoilshey ny greiney.<ref>[http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/index.php?s=&d= Données des stations françaises]</ref>

===Blaanid as beiyn===
[[File:Logonna-Daoulas, postiers bretons.JPG|thumb|[[Cabbil Vritaanagh]] beaghey 'sy vagher.]]
Ta bea-feie yn Vritaan cosoylagh rish y Rank hene, agh ta anchaslyssyn ennagh er lheh ayn. Er un laue, er coontey yn coose liauyr ec yn ard, s'berçhagh yn bea-feie mooiragh t'ayn as ta sorçhyn d'ushagyn ayn nagh vel ry-akin ayns ayrnyn elley jeh'n Rank. Agh, er y laue elley, ta ny dooieyn ta cummal 'syn antraie ry-gheddyn ayns ayrnyn elley jeh'n Rank. Er yn oyr dy vel y Vritaan ny lieh-innys, ta earroo ny dooieyn ny sloo 'sy lieh heear jeh'n lieh-innys na t'ayn 'sy lieh hiar.

Ta ushagyn marrey eigsoylagh ry-akin faggys da'n choose. Ta coloinyn jeh [[Fannag Varrey Vooar|fannagyn marrey]], [[Foillan Skeddan Oarpagh|foillanyn]], [[coltrag]]yn, [[Gant Hwoaie|Gantyn Hwoaie]], [[stronnag ghoo|stronnagyn dooey]] as [[pibbin Atlantagh|pibbinyn Atlantagh]]. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ushagyn shen sheelraghey er ellanyn anerit as creggyn as, rere shen, s'doillee tastey y ghoaill jeu. She çheer ghooie ram dooieyn Oarpagh cadjin yn antraie: [[kellagh keylley|kellee cheylley]], [[gollan geayee|gollanyn geayee]], [[ushag rhennee Oaraishanagh|ushagyn rhennee]], [[gollan cadjin|gollanyn cadjin]], [[kiark rhennee ghlass|kiarkyn rhennee]] as dooieyn elley.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-oiseaux/Les-oiseaux-marins/Les-oiseaux-marins-des-falaises-des-ilots-des-embruns-et-des-plumes|title=Les oiseaux marins : des falaises, des îlots, des embruns et des plumes|year=2005|editor=Bretagne Environnement|language=Frangish|access-date=2014-05-25|archive-date=2013-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320111558/http://bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-oiseaux/Les-oiseaux-marins/Les-oiseaux-marins-des-falaises-des-ilots-des-embruns-et-des-plumes|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Gollrish [[Yn Chorn|y Chorn]], [[Bretyn]] as [[Nerin]], ta ushtaghyn y Vritaan tayrn [[sharkagh souree|sharkee houree]], [[raun ghlass|raunteeyn glassey]], [[turtyl dreeym liareagh|turtylyn dreeym liareagh]], [[doraid]]yn, [[perkyn]]yn, [[smug rauney|smugyn rauney]], [[partan]]yn as [[gimmagh|gimmee]]. Ta ''[[micropterus]]'' feer chadjin rish y choose, ta [[gobbag ghoal|gobbargyn goal]] cummal er yn ymmyr vooarheeragh, as ta [[grenaidagh (eeast)|grenaidee]] as [[gailley pern|gaillaghyn pern]] cummal ayns ny h-ushtaghyn dowiney. Ta eeastyn awiney goaill stiagh [[breck|brick]], [[braddan Atlantagh|braddanyn Atlantagh]], [[gaddys hwoaie|gaddyssyn]], ''[[argyrosomus regius]]'' as [[lamprey|lampraghyn]]. Ta ny h-awinyn goaill stiagh [[dooarchoo]]yn as [[moddey ushtey|moddee ushtey]] myrane lesh dooieyn rueggyssagh Americaanagh lheid as y [[coypu]] ta scryssey yn eggochorys as chur rish anvioys yn [[assag Rangagh Oarpagh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-mammiferes/Les-mammiferes-semi-aquatiques|title=Les mammifères semi-aquatiques|year=2005|editor=Bretagne Environnement|language=Frangish|access-date=2014-05-25|archive-date=2013-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325002324/http://bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-mammiferes/Les-mammiferes-semi-aquatiques|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Mastee ny neuvertebree, she ynnyd dooie ee yn Vritaan da [[crammag Kemper]], [[gob doo peearley awiney]] as [[Austropotamobius pallipes|gimmagh Voirrey bane-inginagh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-invertebres/Les-invertebres-continentaux/Que-sait-on-des-invertebres-continentaux-en-Bretagne|title=Que sait-on des invertébrés continentaux en Bretagne ?|year=2005|editor=Bretagne Environnement|language=Frangish|access-date=2014-05-25|archive-date=2013-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516093510/http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-invertebres/Les-invertebres-continentaux/Que-sait-on-des-invertebres-continentaux-en-Bretagne|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hooar ny sheeintee Vritaanagh vooarey baase car yn eash noa-emshyragh, goaill stiagh y [[moddey oaldey]]. Jiu, ta ny sheeintee scanshoil goaill stiagh [[feeaih ruy|feeaihee ruy]], [[collagh muc oaldey|collee vuc oaldey]], [[shynnagh|shynnee]], [[mwaagh|mwaaee]] as dooieyn ennagh jeh [[craitnag]]yn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-mammiferes|title=Les mammifères|year=2005|editor=Bretagne Environnement|access-date=2014-05-25|archive-date=2013-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125035427/http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-faune/Les-mammiferes|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Ta enney mooar er y Vritaan son y [[cabbyl Britaanagh|chabbyl Britaanagh]], aalaght ynnydagh jeh'n [[cabbyl draghtey|chabbyl draghtey]], as son y [[Britaanagh (moddey)|voddey gunney Britaanagh]]. Ta aalaghtyn er lheh jeh ollee ry-gheddyn ayn, agh ta fir jeu er oirr yn anvioys: y ''pie noir bretonne'', y ''[[froment dy Léon]]'', yn [[Armoragh (ollee)|Armoragh]] as y Naonedagh.

Ta lossreeyn jallooagh ry-gheddyn ayns keylljyn, dreeymyn geinnee, mooiree, reeastyn y Vritaan, goaill stiagh y anchaslyssyn dooghyssagh jeh [[cistus]], [[aster (genus)|aster]] as [[linaria]], y [[fetçh crou chabbil]] as y [[lotus maritimus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-flore/Les-plantes-a-fleurs-menacees|title=Les plantes à fleur menacées en Bretagne|year=2006|editor=Bretagne Environnement|language=Frangish|access-date=2014-05-25|archive-date=2013-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126021031/http://www.bretagne-environnement.org/Patrimoine-naturel/La-flore/Les-plantes-a-fleurs-menacees|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Reiltys as politickaght==
===Aarheynnyn tradishoonagh===
Hie yn Vritaan er ny scryssey magh myr unnid politickagh 'sy vlein 1790 tra v'ee rheynnit magh ayns queig [[rheynnyn y Rank|rheynn]]. Ta ny rheynnyn Britaanagh co-reggyrt, er y chooid smoo, rish ny nuy ard-aspickyssyn Catoleagh v'ayn ec toshiaght ny Mean Eashyn. V'ad enmyssit {{lang|br|''bro''}} 'sy Vritaanish ny {{lang|fr|''pays''}} 'sy Rangish ("çheer") as v'ad ymmydit myr slystyn argidoil as cahnagh.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez and Divi Kervella|title=Atlas de Bretagne – Atlas Breizh|publisher=Coop Breizh|year=2011|isbn=978-2-84346-496-6|page=100}}</ref> Ta'n Vritaan rheynnit magh eddyr [[Breizh-Izel]] ("y Vritaan Eeaghtyragh"), ta co-reggyrt rish y lieh heear raad ta'n Vritaanish goll er loayrt dy tradishoonagh, as [[Breizh-Uhel]] ("y Vritaan Eaghtyragh"), ta co-reggyrt rish y lieh hiar raad ta'n Ghalloish goll er loayrt dy tradishoonagh. V'ad ny [[Queiggaghyn tradishoonagh y Vritaan|h-ard-aspickyssyn ny ny queiggaghyn shendeeagh]] 'sy Vritaan na:

*[[Breizh-Uhel]]:
**[[Bro-Naoned]], mygeayrt [[Naoned]] as eh co-reggyrt rish [[Liger-Atlantel]]
**[[Bro-Roazhon]], mygeayrt [[Roazhon]] as eh co-reggyrt rish paart jeh [[Il-ha-Gwilen]]
**[[Bro-Zol]], mygeayrt [[Dol, Il-ha-Gwilen|Dol]] as eh co-reggyrt rish lieh hwoaie [[Il-ha-Gwilen]]
**[[Bro-Sant-Brieg]], mygeayrt [[Sant-Brieg]] as eh co-reggyrt rish paart jeh [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]]
**[[Bro-Sant-Maloù]], mygeayrt [[Sant-Maloù]] as eh rheynnit eddyr [[Il-ha-Gwilen]], [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]] as [[Mor-Bihan]]
*[[Breizh-Izel]]:
**[[Bro-Gwened]], mygeayrt [[Gwened]] as eh co-reggyrt rish [[Mor-Bihan]].
**[[Bro-Gerne]], mygeayrt [[Kemper]] as eh rheynnit eddyr [[Penn-ar-Bed]] as [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]].
**[[Bro-Leon]], mygeayrt [[Kastell-Paol]] as eh co-reggyrt rish lieh heear [[Penn-ar-Bed]].
**[[Bro-Dreger]], mygeayrt [[Landreger]] as eh co-reggyrt rish [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]].

Car [[Irree Magh y Rank]] va kiare ard-aspickys dollit magh as va ny queig ard-aspickyssyn elley ceaghlit son co-reggyrt rish ny rheynnyn.

===Aarheynnyn roie===
{{jeeagh|Aarheynnyn y Rank|Yn Vritaan (ard)|Liger-Atlantel}}
[[Coadan:Bretagne historique 2.png|thumb|Ta [[Yn Vritaan (ard)|ard y Vritaan]] jeant seose jeh'n chiare rheynn Vritaanagh. Ta [[Liger-Atlantel]], ayns daah bane-ghorrym, ny chooid jeh [[Broioù al Liger]].]]
Car [[Irree Magh y Rank]], va'n Vritaan rheynnit magh eddyr queig [[Rheynnyn y Rank|rheynn]] as dagh fer jeu jeant ass tree ny kiare [[Slystyn y Rank|slyst]]. Ta ny slystyn goll er rheynn magh ayns [[cantoonyn y Rank|cantoonyn]] as adsyn hene jeant ass [[commyoonyn y Rank|commyoonyn]]. Ta coonseil ynnydagh, ta reiht ec ny seyraanee, ec dagh commyoon as rheynn, agh cha nel ynnydee reiht ec ny slystyn as ny cantoonyn. Ta ny cantoonyn ymmydit myr slyst reihdagh son ny coonseilyn rheynnagh as ta ny slystyn stiurit ec fo-veoir ta doltit ec [[Eaghtyrane y Rank]]. Ta'n Eaghtyrane doltey meoir ayns dagh rheynn.

Er yn oyr dy vel ram rheynnyn ayn as dy vel ad feer beg er mooadys, ren y reiltys Frangagh prowal ardjyn ny smoo y chroo car y 20oo eash. By chooish da aa-chroo yn Vritaan myr unnid politickagh as reiragh eh da ny h-ashooneyryn Britaanagh, agh va ny pooaryn ayns Paarys credjal 
dy lhisagh da'n ard noa ve fondagh er çheu yn tayrmaynys. Ren y reiltys Frangagh as politickeyryn ynnydagh smooinaghtyn dy row [[Naoned]] as e rheynn [[Liger-Atlantel]] ny smoo kianglt rish [[Glion Loire]] na rish y lieh-innys as dy beagh cohirrey jeeyllagh ayn lesh y vooinjerys rish [[Roazhon]].

Va ny joaraghyn currit sheese 'sy vlein 1956. Va kiare rheynn currit stiagh 'sy Vritaan noa as va [[Liger-Atlantel]] currit stiagh ayns [[Broioù al Liger]] marish ayrnyn jeh [[Anjou]], [[Maine (queiggey yn Rank)|Maine]] as [[Poitou]]. 'Sy vlein 1972, hooar ny h-ardjyn nyn gooieidyn roie, marish coonseil ardjynagh reiht. Veih'n traa shen, ta [[Coonseil Ardjynagh y Vritaan|coonseil]] as colughtyn reiragh ec y ard y Vritaan.

===Preeu-valjyn===
[[Coadan:ChateauDesDucsDeBretagne20090906.jpeg|right|thumb|280px|Giat-entreilys gys [[Cashtal Ghiucyn y Vritaan]], ynnyd beaghee beayn ny duicyn s'jerree.]]
Shimmey preeu-valley shendeeagh t'ec y Vritaan. Tra v'ee ny duicaght heyr, ren [[Steatyn y Vritaan]], sorçh ennagh dy pharlamaid, çhaglym ry-cheilley ayns baljyn eigsoylagh: [[Dinan]], [[Ploermael]], [[Redon, Il-ha-Gwilen|Redon]], [[Roazhon]], [[Gwitreg]], [[Gwenrann]], as, er y chooid smoo, ayns [[Naoned]], raad haink ad ry-cheilley 17 keayrt, as ayns [[Gwened]], raad haink ad ry-cheilley 19 keayrt. Va'n Chooyrt as y reiltys feer hroailt as ren dagh reeraghtys cur foayr da nyn gashtallyn as nyn steatyn hene. Ren ny duicyn cummal er y chooid smoo ayns Naoned, Gwened, Redon, Roazhon, [[Felger]], [[Dol, Il-ha-Gwilen|Dol]], Dinan as Gwenrann. Gyn fakin er Gwened, va dagh fer jeh ny baljyn shen soit ayns [[Breizh-Uhel]].

Mastey ny baljyn shen, cha row agh tree jeu, Gwened, Naoned as Roazhon, jargal aggyrt er son staydys preeu-valjagh. Va ny duicyn crooinit ayns Roazhon as va cashtal mooar ayn oc. Ansherbee, v'eh scrysst ayns aile car y 15oo eash. Er e heu hene, by hoiag da Shamyr ny Coontyssyn as da'n Pharlamaid eh Gwened derrey yn unnaneyssey rish y Rank. Va'n Pharlamaid astreeit gys Roazhon as Shamyr ny Coontyssyn gys Naoned. By eh Naoned ynnyd beaghee beayn da ny duicyn s'jerree. Ta [[Cashtall Ghiucyn y Vritaan]] foast ny hassoo ayns çheshvean y chaayr. Jiu, she Roazhon preeu-valley ard y Vritaan as y wheiggey agglishagh ta goaill stiagh ard y Vritaan as ard Broioù al Liger.

==Deynoaylleeaght==
===Enney ardjynagh===
[[Coadan:FIL 2009 - Coiffes bretonnes - bigoudènes - cercle ar vro vigoudenn.JPG|thumb|Mraane Britaanagh ta ceau ny coodee ching hradishoonagh er lheh, y [[Bigouden]], as eh coontit myr fer jeh cowraghyn yn enney Britaanagh.]]
Cha nel mooarane pohlldey ec parteeyn politickagh Britaanagh as s'beg y rahys t'oc ayns ny reihyssyn. Ansherbee, s'mooar yn enney cultooragh t'ec ny Britaanee. Rere towse 'sy vlein 2008, ta 50% jeh pobble ard y Vritaan coontey adsyn hene cho Britaanagh as Frangagh; ta 22.5% jeh'n phobble coontey adsyn hene ny smoo Britaanagh na Frangagh; as ta 15.4% coontey adsyn hene ny smoo Frangagh na Britaanagh. Ta 1.5% coontey adsyn hene myr Britaanee ny lomarcan tra ta 9.3% smooinaghtyn nagh vel ad nyn Mritaanee er chor erbee.<ref name="Sondage CNRS p. 7">Sondage CNRS, TMO-Ouest. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100117075109/http://www.agencebretagnepresse.com/pdfs/15280_2.pdf Résultats] commentés dans [http://www.ouest-france.fr/region/bretagne_detail_-Breton-et-Francais-la-double-identite-affirmee-_8619-932595_actu.Htm ''Ouest-France'', 14 Boaldyn 2009, duillag 7].</ref>

Ren 51.9% jeh lught freggyrtagh y towsh coardail rish y smooinaght dy lhisagh ny smoo pooar pholitickagh ve currit da'n Vritaan, as ren 31.1% jeu freggyrt dy lhisagh dagh red tannaghtyn myr v'ayn ec traa yn towsh. Cha row agh 4.6% er son y teyrsnys as cha row tuarym ec 9.4% jeu.<ref name="Sondage CNRS dg. 7"/>

Ren towse veih'n vlein 2012 va jeant ayns queig rheynn hradishoonagh y Vritaan taishbyney dy vel 48% jeh'n lught freggyrtagh coontey dy row ad kianglt rish y Rank er y chooid smoo, dy row 37% jeu kianglt rish y Vritaan, as dy row 10% kianglt rish yn Oarpey. Haishbyn eh dy row yn enney Britaanagh ny s'troshey mastey ny deiney ta ny s'aa na 35 bleeaney d'eash as 53% coontey dy vel ad kianglt rish y Vritaan er y chooid smoo tra va 50% jeh'n lught freggyrtagh va ny shinney coontey dy vel ad kianglt rish y Rank er y chooid smoo. Ta'n enney Britaanagh ny sloo mastey yn lught freggyrtagh va ny shinney na 65 bleeaney d'eash: va 58% jeu coontey dy row ad kianglt rish y Rank er y chooid smoo. Ta'n enney Oarpagh ny s'troshey mastey yn possan cheddin, as 21% jeu coontey dy row ad kianglt rish yn Oarpey er y chooid smoo. Fy yerrey, ta'n enney Britaanagh ny s'troshey mastey ny deiney jeh'n çheu clee as mastey ny deiney as ard-cheimyn oc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2137-1-study_file.pdf|title=Les Bretons, les habitants de Loire-Atlantique et la question régionale|date=18 Nollick 2012|editor=Ifop and Bretons}}</ref>

===Çhengaghyn ardjynagh===
[[Coadan:Breton_dialectesiji2009.png|thumb|right|[[Breizh-Izel]] (ayns daaghyn) raad ta'n [[Britaanish|Vritaanish]] goll er loayrt dy tradishoonagh, as [[Breizh-Uhel]] (ayns lheeah) raad ta'n [[Galloish|Ghalloish]] goll er loayrt. Ta ny daaghyn lheeah ceaghlee taishbyney cooyl-ghleashaght y Vritaanish as gleashaght er oaie yn Ghalloish as y Rangish.]]
{{ardart|Britaanish|Galloish}}
Ta'n [[Frangish|Rangish]], yn un [[çhengey oikoil]] ayns Pobblaght y Rank, goll er loayrt ec dagh peiagh 'sy Vritaan as she [[çhengey ny mayrey]] ec y chooid smoo jeh ny Britaanee ee. Ansherbee, roish y 19oo eash, cha row yn Rangish er fys ec y chooid smoo jeh'n phobbyl. Ta daa hengey ardjynagh ayn: y [[Britaanish|Vritaanish]] as y [[Galloish|Ghalloish]]. T'ad scarrit veih nyn geilley liorish [[joarey çhengey]] t'er goll ergooyl harrish ny bleeantyn veih traa ny Mean Eashyn. Ta'n joarey roie veih [[Plouha]] er [[Mooir yn Eeaght]] gys [[Lieh-innys Rewiz]] er [[Baie ny Biscaayn]]. Er coontey nyn munyn as nyn ymmyd, ta'n soiaghey feer chosoylagh rish y toiaghey ayns Nalbin raad ta [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]] as y [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]] goll er loayrt. Ta'n enney ''Langues de Bretagne'' ("Çhengaghyn y Vritaan") currit orroo ec [[Coonseil Ardjynagh y Vritaan]] veih'n vlein 2004.

====Y Vritaanish====
{{ardart|Britaanish}}
[[File:Road signs bilingual Breton in Quimper.jpg|thumb|left|Bilingual road signs can be seen in traditional Breton-speaking areas.]]
She [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh|çhengey Cheltiagh]] ee yn Vritaanish haink magh ass y [[Brythonish|Vrythonish]], as ta mooinjerys gloo eck foast rish y [[Cornish|Chornish]] as y [[Bretnish|Vretnish]]. Agh veih'n 13oo eash, foddey roish unnaneyssey yn Vritaan rish y Rank, by ee yn Rangish çhengey reiragh Ghiucaght y Vritaan as ee currit ayns ynnyd y Ladjyn. Va'n Vritaanish myr çhengey yn phobble çheerey agh, veih ny Mean Eashyn, va'n lught ooasle as ny h-ard-haggyrtyn loayrt Frangish.

Ren polaseeyn reiltys car y 19oo as y 20oo eash jannoo yn ynsagh eginagh as, ec y traa cheddin, yiooldee ad ymmyd y Vritaanish ayns ny scoillyn dys ad y hyndaa myr Frangisheyryn noa. Gyn bwooise er shen, va'n Vritaanish loayrit derrey ny 1960yn ec y chooid smoo jeh'n phobbyl 'sy Vritaan Heear (ny [[Breizh-Izel]]). Car ny 1970yn, va scoillyn Britaanish foshlit as hoshee ny reiltyssyn ynnydagh y Vritaanish y ghreinnaghey. Ec y traa shen va'n Vritaanish er oirr y vaaish.

Car ny 1950yn va ny smoo na millioon Britaanisheyr agh 'sy chied jeihaght jeh'n 21oo eash cha nel agh mysh 200,000 Britaanisheyr as 61% jeu ny shinney na 60 bleeaney d'eash. Ta'n Vritaanish coontit myr çhengey ayns "geyre-ghaue" ec UNESCO. Er y laue elley, ta earroo ny paitçhyn ta taaghey brastylyn daa-hengagh er jeet 33% eddyr ny bleeantyn 2006 as 2012 as jiu ta 14,709 paitçhey goll ayn.<ref name="Broudic2009">{{cite book |first=Fañch | last=Broudic |authorlink=Fañch Broudig |year= 2009|title=Parler breton au XXIe siècle – Le nouveau sondage de TMO-Régions}}</ref><ref name="ofis-stats">{{fr jalloo}} [http://www.ofis-bzh.org/fr/langue_bretonne/chiffres_cles/index.php Données clés sur breton, Ofis ar Brezhoneg]</ref>

Ta shiartanse d'abbyrtyn ec y Vritaanish agh cha nel joarey shickyr eddyr oc. Ta'n chooid smoo jeu feer chosoylagh rish nyn geilley as cha nel agh anchaslyssyn sheeanagh as focklagh ennagh eddyr oc. T'ad ny tree abbyrtyn ta loayrit 'sy Vritaan heear na [[Kernish]] (ta goll er loart mygeayrt [[Kemper]]), [[Leonish (abbyrt Vritaanish)|Leonish]] (mygeayrt [[Kastell-Paol]]) as [[Tregerish]] (mygeayrt [[Landreger]]), as t'ad currit ry-cheilley myr "possan KLT" (Kerne-Leon-Treger). Ta abbyrt elley er lheh ayn ta ny s'odjey veih ny tree abbyrtyn elley as ee enmyssit [[Gwenedish]] (ta goll er loayrt mygeayrt [[Gwened]]).

====Y Ghalloish====
{{ardart|Galloish}}

===Craueeaght===

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

==Kianglaghyn mooie==
* [http://www.tourismebretagne.com Oik turrysagh y Vritaan]
* [http://www.lost-in-france.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=421&Itemid=327 Oayllagh da'n Vritaan]
* [http://www.breizh.net/identity/ Personelezh Breizh e saozneg - Enney Britaanagh]

[[Ronney:Yn Vritaan| ]]
[[Ronney:Ardjyn y Rank|Vritaan (cheer), Yn]]