Sylem

She stoo kirpey ymmyrkee lossreeyn cuishlagh eh sylem ny xylem. Shen ass Shenn Ghreagish ξυλον (xylon), "fuigh". She fuigh eh y sylem share er enney, agh t'eh ry-akin fud y lus. T'eh currit da ymmyrkey ushtey, agh t'eh ymmyrkey beaghey myrane lesh.

Fyshoaylleeaght sylem

Ta sylem currit da ymmyrkey ushtey as beaghey meainagh lheieagh jeh ny fraueyn dys rheynnyn elley y lus. T'eh aanoaghey yn ushtey ta goll er coayl lesh trooid-ghaalaghey as co-haaghey sollysh. Ta sapp sylem jeant magh jeh ushtey as eeaneyn neuorgaanagh, as ny keayrtyn, ta kemmigyn orgaanagh ayn myrgeddin. Ta nel ny stooghyn kirpey sylem baarail bree dy arraghey y sapp; ta ny stooghyn kirpey hene marroo. Ta daa phenomenon lhiggey da'n tapp arraghey:

• Tayrn trooid-ghaalaghey: she gaalaghey ushtey ass killagyn mesophyll eh ard-vun yn arraghey. T'eh cur er millioonyn dy chorranyn çheet rish ayns boallaghyn ny killagyn mesophyll. Myr shen, ta çhionnid eaghtyr cur çhionnid er y 'liughid as tayrn eh cour ny killagyn mesophyll, as ersooyl jeh ny fraueyn.
• Çhionnid fraue: My ta cummys ushtey ny sloo (ny smoo obballagh) ec ny fraueyn na ec y thalloo, foddee ushtey goll stiagh 'sy fraueyn liorish trooid-heeltaght. Son y chooid smoo, shen er y fa dy vel ram lheiagyn 'sy 'raue. Liorish yn ushtey goll stiagh, ta çhionnid ard 'sy fraue, as t'eh seiy yn ushtey seose cour ny duillagyn. Ny keayrtyn, ta'n sapp goll er seiy magh ass ny duillagyn trooid hydathodeyn, as ta bineyn beggey ry-akin orroo: shen bineal.

Imraaghyn

Lioaryn

• Campbell, Neil A.; Jane B. Reece (2002). Biology, 6th, Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0805366242. 
• Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-56098-730-8. 
• Muhammad, A.F.; R. Sattler (1982). "Vessel Structure of Gnetum and the Origin of Angiosperms". American Journal of Botany. Ym-lioar 69 (6): 1004–21. Botanical Society of America. doi:10.2307/2442898. 
• Melvin T. Tyree; Martin H. Zimmermann (2003). Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap, 2nd, Springer. ISBN 3-540-43354-6. 

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