Cicero

Cicero
	Kione-jalloo Cicero voish y chied eash BNJ ec y Musei Capitolini, y Raue
Beashnys
Ruggyr	3 Jerrey Geuree 106 RC; Arpinum, yn Iddaal, Pobblaght y Raue
Baase	7 Nollick 43 RC (63 bleeaney d'eash); Formia, yn Iddaal, Pobblaght y Raue
Bun baaish	Dunverys (Jee-chionaghey)
Ancient Roman senator (en)
	unknown value – 43 "RC"
Quaestor (en)
	75 "RC" – 75 "RC"
Plebeian aedile (en)
	69 "RC" – 69 "RC"
Praetor (en)
	66 "RC" – 66 "RC" ; Together with (en) : Gaius Aquilius Gallus (en)
Roman consul (en)
	63 "RC" – 63 "RC" ; Together with (en) : Gaius Antonius Hybrida (en)
Augur
	53 "RC" – 43 "RC"
Roman governor (en)
	Subject has role (en) : proconsul (en) ; 51 "RC" – 50 "RC"
Fysseree phersoonagh
Craueeaght	Ancient Roman religion (en)
Jannooyn
Ream obbree	Fallsoonys, rhetoric (en) , lettyraght , as politickaght
Soiaghey obbree	Yn Raue
Keird	fallsoonagh · politickeyr · sidoor · leighder · oraatagh · ancient Roman priest (en) · leigh-oayllee · screeudeyr · feelee · sheiltynagh politickagh · politickeyr
Earish henndeeagh	Late Roman Republic (en)
Gleashaght	Academic skepticism (en)
Studeyr lesh	Antiochus of Ascalon (en) , Philo of Larissa (en) , Apollonius Molon (en) , Lucius Aelius Stilo Praeconinus (en) , as Tyrannion of Amisus (en)
Studeyr	Servius Sulpicius Rufus (en) , as Trebatius Testa (en)
Çhengaghyn loayrit ny screeuit	Ladjyn · Shenn-Ghreagish
Obbyr
	Ard-obbyr De Oratore (en) ../... 22+ ;
Lught thie
Lught-thie	Tullii Cicerones (en)
Sheshey	Terentia (79 "RC"–46 "RC"); Publilia (en) (unknown value–45 "RC"), scarrey poosee
Paitçhey	Rolley Cicero Minor (en) ; Tullia Ciceronis;
Paarant	Marcus Tullius Cicero (en) as Helvia
Braar ny shuyr	Rolley Quintus Tullius Cicero;
Chron-oaylleeaght
58 "RC"	exile (en)
57 "RC"	repatriation (en)
43 "RC"	proscription (en)
	Aundyryn Pater Patriae ; ;

Marcus Tullius Cicero^[a] (ˈmaːrkʊs ˈtʊlli.ʊs ˈkɪkɛroː; 3 Jerrey Geuree 106 RC – 7 Nollick 43 RC), she steateyr, leighder, schoillar, fallsoonagh, screeudeyr, as ouryssagh Raueagh v'eh,^[2] ren e chooid share ny prinsabylyn optimatagh y chummal seose car ny geyre-ghaueyn chur rish bunneeaght Impiraght y Raue. Ghow e screeunyn lheeadagh stiagh traghtyssyn bentyn rish y retrick, y fallsoonys, as y pholitickaght. T'eh coontit mastey ny h-oraatee share 'sy Raue as y noader er ny haink dy ve enmyssit "retrick Cicero."^[3]^[4]^[5] Va Cicero ynsit 'sy Raue as 'sy Ghreag. Haink eh ass mooinjer baljagh berçhagh jeh oardagh aghlagh y Raue, as ren eh shirveish myr consyl ayns 63 RC.

S'mooar yn chummaght v'echey er y Ladjyn. Screeu eh ny smoo na tree kerrooyn jeh lettyraght y Ladjyn foast er mayrn ta fys ain er voish lhing e vea, as t'eh raait dy nee freggyrt ny goll er ash dys e vod 'sy phrose haink ny yei, cha nee 'sy Ladjyn ny lomarcan, agh ayns çhengaghyn yn Oarpey derrey'n 19oo eash.^[6]^[7]^[8] Chur Cicero stiagh 'sy Ladjyn arganeyssyn ny scoillyn mooarey jeh'n allsoonys Greagagh as chroo eh ram focklyn 'sy Ladjyn bentyn rish yn allsoonys trooid noaid focklagh (m.s. noa-ocklyn lheid as evidentia,^[9] generator, humanitas, infinitio, qualitas, quantitas),^[10] as begnagh 150 jeu currit stiagh voish çhyndaa çhiarrymyn fallsoonagh y Ghreagish.^[11] Haishbyn ny h-obbraghyn shen eh myr scoillar jesh yn allsoonys as myr çhyndaader schleioil.

Ga dy nee oraatagh cooilleeinit as leighder rahdoil v'eh, chred Cicero dy row yn rah echey smoo ry-gheddyn 'sy choorse bea echey. Ren y co-chialg Catilinagh eab y reiltys y cheau magh trooid ruegys er y valley liorish forsaghyn mooie car e chonsyllys. Chur Cicero yn irree magh fo chosh trooid giare-hual as cur-gy-baase queig co-chialgeyryn gyn cooish leigh. Car eash veanagh y lhing veanagh jeh'n chied eash RC, tra haghyr caggaghyn theayagh as jaghteyrys Yool Kaesar, chur Cicero er oaie filley er ash dys tradishoon pobblaghtagh y reiltys. Lurg baase Chaesar, haink Cicero dy ve ny noid lesh Markys Anthoin 'sy troddan cummaght haink ny yei, raad ren eh soiaghey er ayns straih oraidyn. V'eh tarmestit myr noid y steat liorish y Nah Trooraght as currit gy baase liorish sidooryn va gobbraghey er nyn son ayns 43 RC, erreish dy row eh goit car eiyrtys çhea voish lieh-innys yn Iddaal. Va e laueyn as e chione giarrit taishbynit er y Rostra.^[12]

Ta aa-gheddyn Petrarch jeh lettyryn Cicero coontit myr toshiaght yn Aaruggyr ayns cooishyn theayagh, sheelnauederys, as cultoor classicagh Raueagh.^[13] Haink mullagh eaghtyrys as ooashley Cicero 'sy 18oo eash car y Toilsheraght,^[14] as s'mooar va'n chummaght echey er smooineyderyn as sheiltynee pholitickagh y Toilsheraght lheid as John Locke, David Hume, Montesquieu, as Edmund Burke.^[15] Ta e obbraghyn coontit mastey ny h-obbraghyn smoo cummaghtagh ayns cultoor y theihll. T'ad foast ymmydit myr y corpane smoo scanshoil jeh stoo bunneydagh da screeu as aastudeyrys y çhennaghys Raueagh, goaill stiagh laaghyn jerrinagh Phobblaght y Raue.^[16]

Noteyn

↑ Ta'n ennym dy mennick ry-gheddyn myr Tully, 'sy Vaarle er lheh^[1]

Imraaghyn

↑ M.s., ayns Howard Jones, Master Tully: Cicero in Tudor England (Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1998).
↑ Cicero, Academica Book II, Section 65
↑ Rawson, E.: Cicero, a portrait (1975) dg. 303
↑ Haskell, Henry Joseph (1964). This was Cicero (ayns Baarle). Fawcett Publications Incorporated. dgn. 300–301.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)
↑ "Cicero | Biography, Philosophy, Writings, Books, Death, & Facts | Encyclopædia Britannica". britannica.com (ayns Baarle). 10 Boaldyn 2023. Feddynit magh er 18 Boaldyn 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)
↑ Harrison, Stephen (2008). A Companion to Latin Literature. John Wiley & Sons. dg. 31. ISBN 978-1-4051-3737-9.
↑ Merriam-Webster, Inc (1995). "Ciceronian period". Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. dg. 244. ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6. Feddynit magh er 27 Luanistyn 2013.
↑ Cicero, Selected Works, 1971, dg. 24
↑ Cicero, Acad. 2.17–18
↑ Conte, G.B.: "Latin Literature: a history" (1987) dg. 199
↑ Cf. C.J. Dowson (2023), Philosophia Translata: The Development of Latin Philosophical Vocabulary through Translation from Greek. Brill: Leiden-Boston, pp. 314ff
↑ "Severed Heads and Hands". Photo Archive (ayns Baarle). Feddynit magh er 9 Nollick 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (cooney)CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)
↑ Wootton, David (1996). Modern Political Thought: Readings from Machiavelli to Nietzsche. Hackett Publishing. dg. 1. ISBN 978-0-87220-341-9. Feddynit magh er 27 Luanistyn 2013.
↑ Wood, Neal (1991). Cicero's Social and Political Thought. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07427-9.
↑ Nicgorski, Walter. "Cicero and the Natural Law". Natural Law, Natural Rights, and American Constitutionalism.
↑ Griffin, Miriam; Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn (2001). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Roman World. Oxford University Press. dgn. 76ff. ISBN 978-0-19-285436-0. Feddynit magh er 10 Luanistyn 2011.

Kianglaghyn magh

Obbraghyn liorish Cicero ec Perseus Digital Library
Obbraghyn liorish Cicero ec Stoic Therapy eLibrary
The Latin Library (Ladjyn): Obbraghyn Cicero
Dickinson College Commentaries: Against Verres 2.1.53–86
Dickinson College Commentaries: On Pompey's Command (De Imperio) 27–49
Horace MS 1b Laelius de Amicitia at OPenn
[http://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0023/html/lewis_e_066.html Lewis E 66 Epistolae ad familiares (Lettyryn da caarjyn)

Beashnyssyn as coontyssyn er traa Cicero

Beashnys Cicero liorish Plutarch t'ayns Parallel Lives

Life of Cicero liorish Anthony Trollope, Yn-lioar I as Ym-lioar II
Cicero liorish yn Arr. W. Lucas Collins (Ancient Classics for English Readers)
Roman life in the days of Cicero liorish yn Arr. Alfred J. Church
Social life at Rome in the Age of Cicero liorish W. Warde Fowler
"At Heraklia website". Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 14 Jerrey Geuree 2006. Feddynit magh er 31 Mayrnt 2017.
Cicero ec ynnyd-eggey Middlebury College

[2] Ta'n ennym dy mennick ry-gheddyn myr Tully, 'sy Vaarle er lheh^[1]

[1] M.s., ayns Howard Jones, Master Tully: Cicero in Tudor England (Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1998).

[3] Cicero, Academica Book II, Section 65

[4] Rawson, E.: Cicero, a portrait (1975) dg. 303

[5] Haskell, Henry Joseph (1964). This was Cicero (ayns Baarle). Fawcett Publications Incorporated. dgn. 300–301.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)

[6] "Cicero | Biography, Philosophy, Writings, Books, Death, & Facts | Encyclopædia Britannica". britannica.com (ayns Baarle). 10 Boaldyn 2023. Feddynit magh er 18 Boaldyn 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)

[Harrison2008-7] Harrison, Stephen (2008). A Companion to Latin Literature. John Wiley & Sons. dg. 31. ISBN 978-1-4051-3737-9.

[Inc1995-8] Merriam-Webster, Inc (1995). "Ciceronian period". Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. dg. 244. ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6. Feddynit magh er 27 Luanistyn 2013.

[9] Cicero, Selected Works, 1971, dg. 24

[10] Cicero, Acad. 2.17–18

[11] Conte, G.B.: "Latin Literature: a history" (1987) dg. 199

[12] Cf. C.J. Dowson (2023), Philosophia Translata: The Development of Latin Philosophical Vocabulary through Translation from Greek. Brill: Leiden-Boston, pp. 314ff

[13] "Severed Heads and Hands". Photo Archive (ayns Baarle). Feddynit magh er 9 Nollick 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (cooney)CS1 maint: çhengey gyn enney (link)

[Wootton1996-14] Wootton, David (1996). Modern Political Thought: Readings from Machiavelli to Nietzsche. Hackett Publishing. dg. 1. ISBN 978-0-87220-341-9. Feddynit magh er 27 Luanistyn 2013.

[15] Wood, Neal (1991). Cicero's Social and Political Thought. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07427-9.

[16] Nicgorski, Walter. "Cicero and the Natural Law". Natural Law, Natural Rights, and American Constitutionalism.

[17] Griffin, Miriam; Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn (2001). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Roman World. Oxford University Press. dgn. 76ff. ISBN 978-0-19-285436-0. Feddynit magh er 10 Luanistyn 2011.

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