Bretyn

Wales (Baarle) Cymru (Bretnish) Bretyn
Brattagh Armys
Jarroo-raa: Cymru am byth (Bretnish) "Bretyn dy bragh"
Arrane ashoonagh: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau "Shenn-çheer nyn Ayraghyn"
Preeu-valley (as y balley smoo)		Cayr Deeth 51°29′ Hwoaie 3°11′ Heear
Çhengaghyn ashoonagh		Bretnish, Baarle
Reiltys		Reeriaght vunraghtoil
-	Ree	Çhalse III
-	Yn Chied Arrey	Carwyn Jones
-	Ard-vinishter	David Cameron
Quaiyl		Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin
Co-unnaneys
-	liorish Gruffudd ap Llywelyn	1056
Eaghtyr
-	Yn clane	20,779 km²  8,022 mi ker
Earroo yn phobble
-	Ooley 2008	3,004,6001
-	Coontey-pobble 2001	2,903,085
-	Glooaght	140/km²  361/mi ker
LTS (CCK)		Ooley 2006
-	Yn clane	$85.4 billioon
-	Yn dooinney	$30,546
ALD (2003)		0.939 (ard)
Argid		punt Sostynagh (£) (GBP)
Traa ynnydagh		GMT (UTC+0)
-	Souree (TTLS)	BST (UTC+1)
Coad eddyr-voggyl		.uk2
Coad çhellvane		+44
Ard noo		Noo Davy
1	- Oik ny Staydraa Ashoonagh
2	Ta .eu ymmydit myrgeddin, myrane lesh çheeraghyn elley yn Unnaneys Oarpagh. She GB yn ISO-3166-1, agh cha nel .gb ymmydit.

Ta Bretyn (Bretnish: Cymru, Baarle: Wales) ny çheer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ee çhemmit liorish Sostyn da'n sheear, Mooir Vannin da'n twoaie as da'n sheear hwoaie, Mooir Vretyn da'n sheear, y Vooir Cheltiagh da'n sheear yiass as Keyllys Vristol da'n jiass. Ta ny smoo na 3 millioonyn cummaltee aynjee as ish ny çheer ghaa-hengagh.

Ta Bretyn ny çheer Cheltiagh, gollrish Mannin, Nalbin, Nerin, y Chorn, as y Vritaan. She Cayr Deeth preeu-valley ny çheerey lesh ny smoo na 300,000 cummaltee. Ta Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, bunnit 'sy vlein 1999, ny soie ayns Cayr Deeth.

Çheer-oaylleeaght

Mullagh yr Wyddfa, Gwynedd, y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretyn

Ta Bretyn ny soie er lieh-innys ayns sheear ny Bretyn Mooar Meanagh. Ta'n çheer mygeayrt 20,779 km² (8,023 mi ker) er eaghtyr. T'ee 274 km er lhiurid veih'n twoaie da'n jiass as 97 km er lheead veih'n shiar da'n sheear. Ta Bretyn çhemmit liorish Sostyn da'n shiar as lesh y vooir da'n twoaie, da'n sheear as da'n jiass. 'Sy clane, ta ny smoo na 1,200 km oirr ny marrey eck. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass coose Vretin, as she Ynnys Moan (Ynys Môn) yn ellan smoo eck.

Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n phobble as ny h-ynnydyn çhynskylagh soit ayns Jiass Vretin, as ee cur ny baljyn Cayr Deeth, Abertawe as Casnewydd 'syn earroo. Ta ram cummaltee ayns shiar hwoaie ny çheerey mygeayrt Wrecsam myrgeddin.

Çheer sleitagh t'ayns Bretyn, ny h-ardjyn twoaie as meanagh er lheh. Va ny sleityn cummit rish yn Eash Rioee jerrinagh. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey soit ayns Eryri as t'ad goaill yr Wyddfa, as eh 1,085 m er yrjid, 'syn earroo. Ta ny Bannau Brycheiniog soit ayns jiass ny çheerey as t'ad kianglt rish ny Sleityn Cymragh ayns Bretyn Veanagh.

Shennaghys

Haink Jool Kaesar dys Bretyn ayns Mee Luanistyn 55 BNJ, agh cha ghow ad y çheer rish ny smoo na keead. Clein Vretin, v’ad ny Siluree ayns Bretyn Yiass as ny Ordovicee ayns Bretyn Hwoaie. Ren ny Rauee troggal straih dy chashtalyn tessen Bretyn Yiass, goaill stiagh Caerllion (Isca), raad ta preaban caggee share er mayrn ayns Bretyn Vooar ry-akin. Ayns y hwoaie, ta shenn arrane Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig ginsh skeeal Macsen Wledig, mastey ny h-ard-reeaghyn heear s’jerree, ren poosey Helen ferch hoshiagh Bretnagh jeh Caernarfon (Segontium).

Cha nod ny h-Anglo-Sostnee goaill Bretyn, ga dy ren ad brishey’n kiangley eddyr Bretyn as yn Hen Ogledd erreish da Caggey yn Çhaayr ayns 615 BNJ. Ren Offa, ree Vercia, troggal boalley mooar thallooin rish y chreeagh eddyr y reeriaght echey as Bretyn. Ta kuse dy Voalley Offa ry-akin ayns shoh foast.

Hannee Bretyn ny çheer chreestee erreish da ny clein paganagh Teutonagh (ny Sostnee) goaill Sostyn. Hie Noo Davy er pirgrin dys Raue ‘sy 6oo eash, as dobbree eh myr Aspick ayns Bretyn foddey roish da Noo Augusteen jeh Canterbury cur bun er aspickys Chaergaint (Canterbury). Ny yei shen, cha daink lesh yn eab Creestiaght y skeaylley, foddee er coontey noidys eddyr y ghaa chynney. Reeaghyn Vretin gollrish Rhodri Mawr as Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, v’ad lajer ny kioot dy liooar dy ‘reayll y seyrsnys oc.

Llywelyn Fawr

Ec jerrey ny 1060yn, haink ny Normanee dys Bretyn, as ren shen caghlaa politickaght y heer. Hrod çhiarnyn Normanagh Y Mers (Baarle: The Marches) eddyr Bretyn as Sostyn. Dobbyr da Bretyn goll fo haart, agh haink lesh Gruffudd ap Cynan as Owain Gwynedd shen y lhiettal, ga dy ren Normanee soie ayns arnyn j’ee. Haink lesh Llywelyn Fawr unnaneysey Bretyn, obbyr va currit er bun liorish e ayr hene Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, as haink eh dy ve y chied Prinse Vretin.

Agh daarlee reeaghyn Hostyn dy hoie er Bretyn car yn eash. Ayns 1282, hooar Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf baase ayns skirmish faggys da Cilmeri, as eshyn prinse neuchrogheydagh s'jerree Vretin. Ghreim ersooyl Edward I Hostyn y reeriaght v'echey. Hrog Edward cashtallyn mooarey son dy 'reayll Bretyn fo'n cummaght echey - she Rhuddlan, Conwy, Caernarfon, Biwmares, as Harlech ny fir share er enney.

Dirree magh ny Bretnee reesht as reesht noi reiltys ny Sostnee, eddyr jerrey y 13oo eash as jerrey y 15oo eash; myr sampleyr, fo Madog ap Llywelyn (1294-96) as Llywelyn Bren (1316). V'ad jerkal Owain Lawgoch dy heet erash as heyrey ad ayns ny 1370yn. Dirree Owain Glyndŵr ayns 1400, as hie eh er enmys myr Prinse Vretin, agh lheie ersooyl yn irree magh beggan er veggan lesh reeaghyn Hostyn aahickyraghey yn pooar oc 'sy çheer.

Car rheynn vooar jeh cooid elley y 15oo eash, va laue ec Bretyn ayns Caggaghyn ny Roseyn, as ny Lancasteree as ny Yorkee ratçhal er son kioneys ayns Sostyn. Agh dyn y wooise da'n neuhassooaght, vlaagh cultoor Vretin fel y keead roish shoh, as y Tradishoon Bardagh er lheh, lesh Bardyn ny Fir Oasle fo gedjaghys ny h-ooashlaght. Fir jeusyn, shen Inry Tiuder, neear Siaspar Tiuder (Jasper Tiuder 'sy Vaarle), as eshyn jeh sliught Ednyfed Fychan, shennskyl (distain) Llywelyn Fawr. Ayns 1485, haink es 'sy thalloo ayns Sir Benfro marish possan caggee dy Frangee. Haglym shiartanse dy Vretnee marish, as ghow ad barriaght er Rickad III Hostyn ec 22 Luanistyn 1485 ayns Magher Vosworth.

Haree stayd Vretyn rish tammylt. Ny leighyn va ny Sostnee er chur urree ec toshiaght yn eash, hie ad er tayrn er ash. Hug lesh mac Inry, Inry VIII stiagh ny Leighyn Unnaneysey. Hug adsyn Bretyn fo'n chorys leighagh cheddin as v'ayns Sostyn, agh ec y traa cheddin, harmestee eh Bretnish magh ass bea reiltagh ny çheerey: cha nod ad jannoo obbyr reiltagh erbee agh 'sy Vaarle.

Rish keead ny ghaa, haink y çheer chatoleagh y ve ny çheer phrotestoonagh. D'aavioghee craueeaght 'sy çheer, goaill stiagh yn Eash Aaruggyr as y Vible Vretnish, agh vaarlee ny fir oasle beggan er veggan, as daase skort eddyr stiureyderyn heshaght as ny theay. Un eiyrt jeh'n anchaslys shen, shen y ghleashaght chrauee anchochreduagh ren skeaylley dy tappee 'sy 17oo eash as 18oo eash. Ghow Bretyn toshiaght çheet y ve ny çheer çhynskylagh, as rish jerrey'n 18oo eash va baljyn çhynskylagh, quarralyn as meainyn geayll nyn gowraghyn baghtal er fud ny çheerey. Skeayll lettyraght as ghow toshiaght cloudeyrys ayns Bretyn. Vooadee yn aggyrt er son jee-vunnaghey yn Agglish ayns Bretyn as er son hene-reiltys, as rish jerrey'n 19oo eash va'n ghleashaght Cymru Fydd ec yn eer-vullagh eck.

Bee cronney mestit ec y çheer car y 20oo eash, agh dyn y wooise da'n Chied Caggey Dowanagh, Goll Ergooyl Mooar ny 1930yn, Nah Chaggey Dowanagh as foudaghey çhengagh ny 1970yn as 1980yn, ta Çhionnal Ashoonagh ec Bretyn jiu, as t'eh jeeaghyn dy vel cronney Vretnish ny smoo gialdynagh na v'ad jerkal keead er-dy-henney.

Kianglaghyn mooie

• Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin
• BBC Wales
• VisitWales.com Stiurag eddyr-ashoonagh oikoil ry hoi buill oastys as jannooyn ayns Bretyn.
• VisitWales.co.uk Stiurag oikoil yn RU ry hoi buill oastys as jannooyn ayns Bretyn.
• Welsh Icons - Mychione Bretyn as dagh nhee Bretnagh
• Ryder Cup 2010
• Balley shendeeagh Caerfyrddin
• Llywelyn
• WalesCymru.com
• 100 Feniee Vretnagh
• Cashtallyn as shennaghys Vretin
• Shennaghys mean-eashagh Vretin
• Cre ta ersooyl ayns Bretyn