Johann Jakob Balmer

Johann Jakob Balmer
Ruggit	1 Boaldyn 1825(1825-05-01) Lausen, yn Elveeish
Hooar baase	12 Mart 1898 (72 bleeaney d'eash) Basel, yn Elveeish
Boayl oanluckee	Wolfgottesacker (en)
Seyraanaght	Yn Elveeish
Keird	fishigagh · maddaghteyr · ynseyder ollooscoill
Failleyderyn	Ollooscoill Basel
Ynsagh	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (en) Ollooscoill Basel Ollooscoill Humboldt Verleen

She maddaghteyr Elveeishagh va Johann Jakob Balmer (1 Boaldyn 1825 – 12 Mayrnt 1898). Ta enney share er kyndagh rish yn obbyr ren eh ayns fishig, straih Balmer vreneen hiddragien er lheh.

Beashnys

Va Balmer ruggit ayns Lausen, yn Elveeish, mac lesh yn ard-vriw va enmyssit Johann Jakob Balmer chammah. She Elizabeth Rolle Balmer va'n voir echey, as she eshyn va'n mac shinney. Car e scoilleyraght, v'eh feer vie 'sy vaddaght, as reih eh jeeraghey er y vagher shen tra hie eh stiagh 'syn ollooscoill.

Ren eh studeyrys ec Ollooscoill Karlsruhe as Ollooscoill Verleen, as ghow eh jerrey rish e PhD veih Ollooscoill Basel ayns 1849 lesh traaghtys er y chiarkyloid. Lurg shen, cheau Johann y chooid elley jeh'n vea echey ayns Basel raad dynsee eh ec scoill da caillinyn. Chammah's shen, v'eh ny olloo ec Ollooscoill Basel. Ayns 1868 phoose eh rish Christine Pauline Rinck tra v'eh 43 bleeaney d'eash. Va shey paitçhyn ec y phiyr.

Dyn bwooise da row eh ny vaddaghteyr, ta enney share er Balmer kyndagh rish e obbyr er straihyn spectragh. Va'n obbyr smoo echey (ayns 1885) ny 'ormley treealagh da linnaghyn spectragh reayrtagh jeh breneen hiddragien, ren eh studeyrys er rere coyrle veih Eduard Hagenbach ass Basel. Goaill ymmyd jeh towshanyn linnaghyn hiddragien ec Ångström, haink eh er yn 'ormley dy cho-earroo yn tonn-lhiurid myr:

$\lambda \ =h\,{\frac {n^{2}}{n^{2}-m^{2}}}$

raad ta m = 2 as ta n = 3, 4, 5, 6, as er oaie; h = 3.6456 · 10⁻⁷ m = 364.56 nm.

'Sy fogrey 1885 echey, chur eh sheese er h myr "earroo bunneydagh y hiddragien." Jiu, ta h enmyssit beayn-earroo Balmer. Ghow Balmer ymmyd jeh'n 'ormley echey d'insh rolaue yn tonn-lhiurid da n = 7:

$\lambda \ =(364.56\,{\rm {nm}})\cdot \,{\frac {7^{2}}{\,7^{2}-2^{2}\,}}\simeq 397.0\,{\rm {nm}}$

Dooyrt Hagenbach lesh Balmer dy chur Ångström shilley er linney lesh tonn-lhiurid er 397 nm. Haink yn ayrn shen jeh spectrum cur-magh Hiddragien, lesh ceaghlaghyn ayns keimyn bree ny lectraneyn as n ≥ 3 derrey n = 2, dy ve enmyssit y straih.

Ta linnaghyn Balmer çheet er ny linnaghyn cur-magh ta taghyrtyn çheusthie jeh ard reayrtagh spectrum cur-magh Hiddragien ec 410.29 nm, 434.17 nm, 486.27 nm, as 656.47 nm. Ta ny linnaghyn shen çheet ass ny lectraneyn ayns staydys greesit as ad cur magh foton as çheet er-ash dys y chied staydys greesit jeh'n vreneen hiddragien (n = 2).

Ren daa cho-obbree ec Balmer, Hermann Wilhelm Vogel as William Huggins, shickyraghey linnaghyn ayns straih Balmer ayns spectrum y hiddragien ayns rollageyn baney.

Ny s'anmey, v'eh feddynit magh dy nee cooish er lheh jeh formley Rydberg, va cummit ec Johannes Rydberg ayns 1888, eh formley Balmer:

${\frac {1}{\lambda }}\ ={\frac {4}{h}}\left({\frac {1}{m^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}\right)=R_{H}\left({\frac {1}{m^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}\right)$

raad ta $R_{H}$ ny veayn-earroo Rydberg da'n hiddragien, $m=2$ da formley Balmer, as $n>m$.

Ansherbee, cha row ansoor ayn er obbraghey ny formlaghyn shen derrey gioot kiaddey Bohr y vreneen ec Niels Bohr ayns 1913, foddey lurg baase Balmer.

Hooar Johann Balmer baase ayns Basel as eh 72 bleeaney d'eash.

Onnoryn

• Ta formley Balmer as beayn-earroo Balmer h enmyssit ass, chammah as linnaghyn Balmer as straih Balmer
• Ta lheim Balmer ymmydoil 'sy rollageydys da rang-oardraghey rollageagh.
• Ta'n towl Balmer er yn Eayst enmyssit ass.
• Ta'n myn-phlanaid 12755 Balmer enmyssit ass.

Kianglaghyn magh

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Johann Jakob Balmer", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, Ollooscoill Cill Rìmhinn