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Obbreeaght Barbarossa

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Obbreeaght Barbarossa
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Sorçhobbreeaght chaggee Edit the value on Wikidata
Enmyssit assFerdorraghey I Barbarossa Edit the value on Wikidata
Ayrn jehy Toshiaght Hiar Edit the value on Wikidata
Earish22 Mean Souree 1941 - 5 Nollick 1941
Date feaillere5 Mee ny Nollick 1941 Edit the value on Wikidata
Date er lheh22 Mean Souree 1941 – 5 Nollick 1941
Soiagheyyn Estaan
Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh y Velaroosh
Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh yn Ookraan
Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh y Voldaav
Reiltys Cadjin y Pholynn
y Litaan
y Latvey
y Roosh Oarpagh
yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh Edit the value on Wikidata
Commagh
CooishLebensraum Edit the value on Wikidata

Ta Obbreeaght Barbarossa (Germaanish: Unternehmen Barbarossa; Rooshish: Операция Барбаросса) çheet er y ruegys er yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh liorish y Ghermaan Natseeagh as ram jeh e chochaarjyn Essylagh, goaill toshiagh Jedoonee, 22 Mean Souree 1941, car y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. She eshyn va'n soiagh smoo rere mooadys as coayl v'ayn rieau ayns shennagys deiney, lesh mysh 10 millioonyn dy hroddanee,[1] as ny smoo na 8 millioonyn dy ghreihyn roish jerrey yn obbreeaght.[2][3]

Chur yn obbreeaght, va enmyssit Ferdorraghey I "Barbarossa" ("faasaag ruy"), Impir Raueagh Bannee as Croshaidagh veih'n 12oo eash, deanyn eie-oaylleeagh y Ghermaan Natseeagh dy scryssey yn cummynys, dy ghoaill yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh heear, as dy aa-chlannaghey yn thalloo lesh Germaanee. She yn dean v'ec y Generalplan Ost Germaanagh na dy ghoaill ymmyd jeh fir jeh'n sleih ruegit myr labreeyn eginit da eab caggee yn Essylys choud's v'ad geddyn tashtaghyn ooill veih'n Choagaash chammah as cooid eirinagh veih ny thallooyn Soveidjagh eisgoylagh, goaill stiagh yn Ookraan as y Velaroosh. Va ny Germaanee geearree tooilley Lebensraum (reamys beaghee) da'n Ghermaan, chammah as scryssey ny Slavee ghooghyssagh lesh ard-eebyrtyssyn da'n Çhibbeyr, Germaanaghey, deyrsnys, as kynney-ghunverys.[4][5]

'Sy daa vlein roish y ruegys, ren y Ghermaan Natseeagh as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh fo-screeu conaantyn politickagh as tarmaynagh ry-hoi kiarailyn strateyshagh. Lurg y Cummaltys Soveidjagh er Bessarabia as Bukovina Hwoaie, hoshee Ard-chioneys y Ghermaan plannal ruegys er yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh ayns Jerrey Souree 1940 (fo'n choad-ennym Obbreeaght Otto). Car yn obbreeaght, ren ny smoo na 3.8 millioonyn dy skimmee Essylagh—y forse ruegyssagh smoo v'ayn rieau ayns shennaghys y chaggey—ruegey yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh heear, harrish toshiaght 2,900 kilomeadaryn (1,800 mi) er lhiurid lesh cooney 600,000 carbid votoragh as ny smoo na 600,000 cabbil da obbreeaghtyn neu-chaggee. Chur y soiagh dy mooar rish mooadaghey feer vooar 'sy Nah Chaggey Dowanagh, rere çheer-oaylleeaght as lesh y Chonaant Anglo-Hoveidjagh, chur yn UPSS stiagh 'sy chochiangley Cochaarjagh.

Ren yn obbreeaght foshley yn Toshiaght Hiar, raad ghow foddey ny smoo forsaghyn ayrn 'sy theater caggee shoh na ayns theater caggee elley. Haghyr fir jeh ny cahyn smoo v'ayn rieau, fir jeh ny h-eajeeyssyn s'messey, as earroo ny guintee s'yrjey (da forsaghyn Soveidjagh as da forsaghyn Essylagh) ayns ard yn obbreeaght, as chur eh dy mooar rish coorse y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh as shennaghys y 20oo eash haink ny yei. Fy yerrey, ghow ny h-armeeyn Germaanagh mysh queig millioonyn dy hidooryn Soveidjagh jeh'n Armee Yiarg cappee[6] as ren ad shanglanaghey gy baase ny marroo mysh 3.3 millioonyn dy phryssoonee chaggee Hoveidjagh, as millioonyn dy hivoilee dy jioinagh, tra va "Plan yn Accrys" currit ayns bree d'easley tiarkaghtyn bee da ny Germaanee as dy scryssey yn pobble Slavagh lesh yn accrys.[7] Ren ny Germaanee, ny Einsatzgruppen er lheh lesh cooney veih co-obbreeyn aggindagh[a], ymmyd jeh ard-ghunneraghtyn as obbreeaghtyn gassaghey, ny smoo na millioon dy Ewnyn Soveidjagh gy baase myr ayrn jeh'n Deherree.[9]

Chur rey Obbreeaght Barbarossa rish goll ergooyl aigh yn Ghermaan Natseeagh.[10] Er çheu yn obbreeaght, hooar ny forsaghyn Germaanagh ram barriaghtyn mooarey as ren ad cummal fer jeh ny h-ardjyn smoo scanshoil rere tarmaynys jeh'n Unnaneys Soveidjagh ('syn Ookraan er lheh) as ren ad ram guintee as dreihyn jeh'n phobble as jeh ny forsaghyn Soveidjagh, choud's hurree ad ram guintee as dreihyn foast. Agh, dyn bwooise da ny barriaghtyn leah shen, haink jerrey rish y toiagh car Cah Moscow ec jerrey yn vlein 1941,[11][12] as ren y noi-hoiagh geuree Soveidjagh broojey ny Germaanee mysh 250 km (160 mi) ergooyl. Va'n ard-chioneys Germaanagh smooinaghtyn dy vees tuittym tappee ayns shassoo noi ny Soveidjee myr honnick ad 'sy Pholynn, cosoylagh rish y reggyrt v'ec ny Rooshee car y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh.[13] Ansherbee, cha daghyr lheid tuittym; ren yn Armee Yiarg soo stiagh ny buillaghyn s'troshey ren y Wehrmacht as hayrn ad ny Germaanee stiagh ayns caggey scryssee, red nagh row ny Germaanee aarlee da. Lurg cailtyssyn trommey as çhionnid losteeagh yn obbreeaght, cha row forsaghyn y Wehrmacht jargal soiaghyn y yannoo car y slane Toshiaght Hiar, as s'annoonagh va ny h-obbreeaghtyn haink ny yei dy aa-ghoaill y cheim hoshee as dy vroojey dowin stiagh 'sy thalloo Hoveidjagh—lheid as ayns Cooish Ghorrym ayns 1942 as Obbreeaght Cashtal ayns 1943. Ren ny failleilyn shen cur rish castey yn Wehrmacht. Chur ny barriaghtyn Soveidjagh shen jerrey rish mooadaghey thallooinagh y Ghermaan chur eh raaue jeh castey as tuittym y Ghermaan Natseeagh ayns 1945.

Noteyn

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  1. ↑ Cur my ner cassey forsaghyn Latvagh as Ookraanagh ayns dunverys ny h-Ewnyn myr va symnit ec y screeudeyr shennaghys Raul Hilberg.[8]

Imraaghyn

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  1. ↑ Citino 2021.
  2. ↑ Anderson, Clark & Walsh 2018, dgn. 67.
  3. ↑ Dimbleby 2021, dg. xxxvii–xxxviii.
  4. ↑ Rich 1973, dgn. 204–221.
  5. ↑ Snyder 2010, dg. 416.
  6. ↑ Chapoutot 2018, dg. 272.
  7. ↑ Snyder 2010, dgn. 175–186.
  8. ↑ Hilberg 1992, dgn. 58–61, 199–202.
  9. ↑ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 1996, dgn. 50–51.
  10. ↑ Rees 2010.
  11. ↑ Mawdsley 2015, dg. 54.
  12. ↑ Anderson, Clark & Walsh 2018, dgn. 48–49, 51.
  13. ↑ Clairmont 2003, dgn. 2818–2823.

Farraneyn-fys

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Bibliography

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  • Anderson, Duncan; Clark, Lloyd; Walsh, Stephen (2018). The Eastern Front: Barbarossa, Stalingrad, Kursk, Leningrad, Bagration, Berlin. Amber Books. ISBN 978-1-78274-619-5.
  • Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Cambridge and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-67466-043-4.
  • Citino, Robert (2021). "Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest of All Time (June 18, 2021)". The National WWII Museum. Feddynit magh er 2022-12-29.
  • Clairmont, Frederic F. (2003). "Stalingrad: Hitler's Nemesis". Economic and Political Weekly. Ym-lioar 38 (27): 2819–2823. ISSN 0012-9976. 
  • Dimbleby, Jonathan (2021). Operation Barbarossa: The History of a Cataclysm. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19754-721-2.
  • Hilberg, Raul (1992). Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders: The Jewish Catastrophe, 1933–1945. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-8419-0910-5.
  • Mawdsley, Evan (2015). Thunder in the East: The Nazi-Soviet War 1941–1945 (2nd ln.). Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-47250-756-3.
  • Rees, Laurence (2010). "What Was the Turning Point of World War II?". HistoryNet. Feddynit magh er 8 July 2017.
  • Rich, Norman (1973). Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0233964768.
  • Snyder, Timothy (2010). Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-46503-147-4.
  • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (1996). Historical Atlas of the Holocaust. New York: Macmillan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-02897-451-4.

Kianglaghyn magh

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