Rolley shansyleyryn y Ghermaan

Çheu chlee yn vaare: She Otto von Bismarck va'n chied hansyleyr er y Ghermaan lesh crooaght Chochiangle y Ghermaan Hwoaie as Impiraght y Ghermaan ny s'anmey.
Çheu yesh y vaare: She Konrad Adenauer va'n chied hansyleyr er Pobblaght Chonastagh y Ghermaan.
Çheu chlee yn vun: She Helmut Kohl va'n shansyleyr car aa-unnaneyssey yn Ghermaan ayns 1990.
Çheu yesh y vun: She Angela Merkel va'n chied ven-hansyleyr er y Ghermaan.

She toshiagh politickagh y Ghermaan as kione y reiltys conastagh eh shansyleyr y Ghermaan.^[1] Ta shellooder yn oik freggyrtagh lesh reihys dagh oltey elley yn reiltys as stiurey çhaglymyn y choonseil hirveishagh.^[2]

Va'n oik crooit ayns Cochiangle y Ghermaan Hwoaie ayns 1867,^[3] tra haink Otto von Bismarck dy ve ny chied hansyleyr. Lesh unnaneyssey yn Ghermaan as bunneeaght Impiraght y Ghermaan ayns 1871, dirree yn Cochiangle seose myr steat-ashoon Germaanagh as haink y toshiagh dy ve enmyssit shansyleyr y Ghermaan.^[4] Hoshiaght, cha row yn shansyleyr freggyrtagh agh da'n impir. V'eh ceaghlit 'syn aachummey bunraghtoil ayns 1918 tra hooar y Pharlamaid kiartys jiooldee yn çhansyleyr. Fo Bunraght Weimar ayns 1919 va ny shansyleyryn pointit liorish yn eaghtyrane, va reiht dy jeeragh, as v'ad freggyrtagh da'n Pharlamaid.^[5]

Va'n bunraght currit ry-lhiattee car y jaghteyrys Natseeagh eddyr 1933 as 1945. Car y cummaltys Cochaarjagh, cha row reiltys Germaanagh seyr ny shansyleyr ayn; as, cha row yn oik aa-chrooit 'sy Ghermaan Hiar. She caairliagh Choonseil ny Shirveishee va kione y reiltys 'sy Ghermaan Hiar. Ren Bun-leigh 1949 yn oik smoo scanshoil 'sy Ghermaan Heear jeh'n çhansyleyr, choud's ren eh loedaghey currym yn eaghtyrane.^[1]

Cochiangle y Ghermaan Hwoaie (1867–1871)

Shansyleyr Chochiangle y Ghermaan Hwoaie

Haink Cochiangle y Ghermaan Hwoaie stiagh er y theihll lurg skeaylley Chochiangle y Ghermaan lurg y varriaght Phrooshagh 'sy Chaggey Austro-Phrooshagh ayns 1866. Va'n shansyleyr pointit liorish y Bundespräsidium, oik va freillt rere y vunraght liorish y ree Prooshagh.^[3]

Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Shansyleyrys			Partee politickagh
Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Ghow shelloo er yn oik	Daag yn oik	Traa 'syn oik	Partee politickagh
	Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898)	1 Jerrey Souree 1867	21 Mayrnt 1871	3 bleeaney, 263 laaghyn		Gyn partee

Y Reich Germaanagh (1871–1945)

Impiraght y Ghermaan (1871–1918)

Reich Shansyleyr y Reich Germaanagh

Dirree Impiraght y Ghermaan magh ass Cochiangle y Ghermaan Hwoaie myr eiyrtys er y Chaggey Frang-Prooshagh (1870/71). Denmys y Präsidium (y ree Prooshagh), as yn enmys Impir echey chammah, yn shansyleyr.^[4]

Parteeyn politickagh: Gyn partee Y Partee Meanagh

Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Shansyleyrys			Partee politickagh
Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Ghow shelloo er yn oik	Daag yn oik	Traa 'syn oik	Partee politickagh
1		Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898)	21 Mayrnt 1871	20 Mayrnt 1890	18 bleeaney, 364 laaghyn		Gyn partee
2		Leo von Caprivi (1831–1899)	20 Mayrnt 1890	26 Jerrey Fouyir 1894	4 bleeaney, 220 laaghyn		Gyn partee
3		Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901)	29 Jerrey Fouyir 1894	17 Jerrey Fouyir 1900	5 bleeaney, 353 laaghyn		Gyn partee
4		Bernhard von Bülow (1849–1929)	17 Jerrey Fouyir 1900	14 Jerrey Souree 1909	8 bleeaney, 270 laaghyn		Gyn partee
5		Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921)	14 Jerrey Souree 1909	13 Jerrey Souree 1917	7 bleeaney, 364 laaghyn		Gyn partee
6		Georg Michaelis (1857–1936)	14 Jerrey Souree 1917	1 Sauin 1917	110 laaghyn		Gyn partee
7		Georg von Hertling (1843–1919)	1 Sauin 1917	30 Mean Fouyir 1918	333 laaghyn		Y Partee Meanagh
8		Max von Baden (1867–1929)	3 Jerrey Fouyir 1918	9 Sauin 1918	37 laaghyn		Gyn partee

Pobblaght Weimar (1918–1933)

Er 9 Sauin 1918, hug y Shansyleyr Max von Baden e oik da Friedrich Ebert. Hannee Ebert ayn myr kione y reiltys car ny tree meeghyn eddyr jerrey Impiraght y Ghermaan ayns Mee Houney 1918 as y chied çhaglym jeh'n Çhionnal Ashoonagh ayns Toshiaght Arree 1919 myr Caairliagh Choonseil Ynnydee yn Phobble, derrey 29 Nollick 1918 goll liorish Toshiagh yn USPD Hugo Haase.^[6]

Chur Bunraght Weimar y vlein 1919 sheese y bun da Pobblaght Weimar. Va ny shansyleyryn currit stiagh dy h-oikoil liorish yn eaghtyrane; ayns cooishyn er lheh, cha row tromlagh ec y çhansyleyr 'sy pharlamaid.^[1]^[5]

Parteeyn politickagh: SPD Y Partee Meanagh DVP Y Partee Natseeagh Partee erbee

Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Shansyleyrys			Partee politickagh
Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Ghow shelloo er yn oik	Daag yn oik	Traa 'syn oik	Partee politickagh
9		Friedrich Ebert (1871–1925)	9 Sauin 1918	13 Toshiaght Arree 1919	96 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)
10		Philipp Scheidemann (1865–1939)	13 Toshiaght Arree 1919	20 Mean Souree 1919	127 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)
11		Gustav Bauer (1870–1944)	21 Mean Souree 1919	26 Mayrnt 1920	273 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)
12		Hermann Müller (1876–1931)	27 Mayrnt 1920	21 Mean Souree 1920	86 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)
13		Constantin Fehrenbach (1852–1926)	25 Mean Souree 1920	10 Boaldyn 1921	319 laaghyn		Y Partee Meanagh
14		Joseph Wirth (1879–1956)	10 Boaldyn 1921	22 Sauin 1922	1 vlein, 196 laaghyn		Y Partee Meanagh
15		Wilhelm Cuno (1876–1933)	22 Sauin 1922	12 Luanistyn 1923	263 laaghyn		Gyn partee
16		Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929)	13 Luanistyn 1923	30 Sauin 1923	109 laaghyn		Partee Theayagh y Ghermaan
17		Wilhelm Marx (1863–1946)	30 Sauin 1923	15 Jerrey Geuree 1925	1 vlein, 46 laaghyn		Y Partee Meanagh
18		Hans Luther (1879–1962)	15 Jerrey Geuree 1925	12 Boaldyn 1926	1 vlein, 117 laaghyn		Gyn partee
19		Wilhelm Marx (1863–1946)	17 Boaldyn 1926	28 Mean Souree 1928	2 bleeaney, 42 laaghyn		Y Partee Meanagh
20		Hermann Müller (1876–1931)	28 Mean Souree 1928	27 Mayrnt 1930	1 vlein, 272 laaghyn		Y Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh (SPD)
21		Heinrich Brüning (1885–1970)	30 Mayrnt 1930	30 Boaldyn 1932	2 bleeaney, 61 laa		Y Partee Meanagh
22		Franz von Papen (1879–1969)	1 Mean Souree 1932	3 Nollick 1932	185 laaghyn		Gyn partee
23		Kurt von Schleicher (1882–1934)	3 Nollick 1932	30 Jerrey Geuree 1933	58 laaghyn		Gyn partee
24		Adolf Hitler (1889–1945)	30 Jerrey Geuree 1933	24 Mayrnt 1933	53 laaghyn		Partee Soshiallagh Ashoonagh ny Labreeyn Germaanagh

Y Ghermaan Natseeagh (1933–1945)

Erreish da row Adolf Hitler pointit myr shansyleyr ayns 1933, hie Slattys Pooaraghey (Germaanish: Ermächtigungsgesetz), va enmyssit dy h-oikoil myr y "Leigh cour Arraghey Arkys y Phobble as y Reich" (Germaanish: Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich) trooid y Reichstag Germaanagh (parlamaid), chur da'n çhansyleyr pooar jaghteyr dy breeoil. Ren y taghyrt shen cur jerrey rish Pobblaght Weimar as toshiaght rish y Ghermaan Natseeagh.^[7] Lesh shen, scryss Hitler dagh corys deynlagh as haggil eh dagh pooar dasyn hene. Lurg baase yn eaghtyrane Paul von Hindenburg ayns 1934, ren Hitler mestey oikyn y çhansyleyr as yn eaghtyrane stiagh 'sy phersoon echey as denmys eh eh hene Führer und Reichskanzler.

Parteeyn politickagh: Y Partee Natseeagh

Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Shansyleyrys			Partee politickagh
Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Ghow shelloo er yn oik	Daag yn oik	Traa 'syn oik	Partee politickagh
25		Adolf Hitler (1889–1945)	24 Mayrnt 1933	30 Averil 1945	12 bleeaney, 37 laaghyn		Partee Ashoonagh Soshiallagh ny Labreeyn Germaanagh
26		Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945)	30 Averil 1945	1 Boaldyn 1945	1 laa		Partee Ashoonagh Soshiallagh ny Labreeyn Germaanagh
27		Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (1887–1977)	2 Boaldyn 1945	23 Boaldyn 1945	21 laa		Partee Ashoonagh Soshiallagh ny Labreeyn Germaanagh

Pobblaght Chonastagh y Ghermaan (1949–jiu)

Ayns 1949, va daa steat Germaanagh er lheh crooit: Pobblaght Chonastagh y Ghermaan (enmyssit y Ghermaan Heear) as Pobblaght Gheynlagh y Ghermaan (enmyssit y Ghermaan Hiar). Ta'n rolley shoh heese listal shansyleyryn y Ghermaan Heear; va reiltys y Ghermaan Hiar stiurit liorish caairliagh Choonseil ny Shirveishee.^[8] Ayns 1990, va'n Ghermaan Hiar skeaylt as mestit rish y Ghermaan Heear; va'n Ghermaan aa-unnaneyssit. Dreill eh yn ennym Pobblaght Chonastagh y Ghermaan.^[9]

Parteeyn politickagh: CDU (4) SPD (4) Neuchrogheydagh (1) Soilshaghey magh shansyleyr shallidagh (i.e. ad interim)

Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Shansyleyrys			Partee politickagh
Ear.	Cochaslys	Ennym (ruggyr–baase)	Ghow shelloo er yn oik	Daag yn oik	Traa 'syn oik	Partee politickagh
1		Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967)	15 Mean Fouyir 1949	15 Jerrey Fouyir 1963	14 bleeaney, 30 laaghyn		Yn Unnaneys Deynlagh Creestee (CDU)
2		Ludwig Erhard (1897–1977)	15 Jerrey Fouyir 1963	30 Sauin 1966	3 bleeaney, 45 laaghyn		Neuchrogheydagh^[a]
3		Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1904–1988)	30 Sauin 1966	21 Jerrey Fouyir 1969	2 bleeaney, 324 laaghyn		Yn Unnaneys Deynlagh Creestee (CDU)
4		Willy Brandt (1913–1992)	21 Jerrey Fouyir 1969	7 Boaldyn 1974	4 bleeaney, 197 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)
–		Walter Scheel (1919–2016) Shallidagh^[b]	7 Boaldyn 1974	16 Boaldyn 1974	9 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Seyr (FDP)
5		Helmut Schmidt (1918–2015)	16 Boaldyn 1974	1 Jerrey Fouyir 1982	8 bleeaney, 138 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)
6		Helmut Kohl (1930–2017)	1 Jerrey Fouyir 1982	27 Jerrey Fouyir 1998	16 bleeaney, 26 laaghyn		Yn Unnaneys Deynlagh Creestee (CDU)
7		Gerhard Schröder (ruggit 1944)	27 Jerrey Fouyir 1998	22 Sauin 2005	7 bleeaney, 26 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)
8		Angela Merkel (ruggit 1954)	22 Sauin 2005	8 Nollick 2021	16 bleeaney, 16 laaghyn		Yn Unnaneys Deynlagh Creestee (CDU)
9		Olaf Scholz (ruggit 1958)	8 Nollick 2021	Ayns shelloo oik	2 bleeaney, 360 laaghyn		Y Partee Deynlagh Soshiallagh (SPD)

↑ Gyn olteynys partee; agh v'eh kianglt rish y CDU.^[10] Ny s'anmey, haink Erhard dy ve ny hoshiagh er y CDU eddyr 1966 as 1967.
↑ Myr Lhiass Hansyleyr fo Brandt, ren Scheel shirveish myr Shansyleyr shallidagh lurg served as acting Chancellor following dirree Brandt ass.^[11]

Linney traa

Jeeagh er neesht

Imraaghyn

↑ ^a ^b ^c "Neuland Grundgesetz | Abkehr von Weimarer Verfassung – Reaktion auf Nazi-Deutschland" [Virgin Soil "Basic Law" | Departure from Weimar Constitution - Reaction to Nazi Germany] (ayns German). Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. 1 Mean Fouyir 2008. Feddynit magh er 13 Mayrnt 2018.
↑ "Tasks of the Federal Chancellor". bundeskanzlerin.de. The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. Feddynit magh er 13 Mayrnt 2018.
↑ ^a ^b Verfassung des Norddeutschen Bundes [Bunraght y Ghermaan Hwoaie] (ayns German). 26 Mean Souree 1867 – via Wikisource.
↑ ^a ^b Constitution of the German Empire [Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs] (ayns English). 16 Averil 1871 – via Wikisource.
↑ ^a ^b "The Seeds of Evil: The Rise of Hitler — The Constitution of the Weimar Republic". schoolshistory.org.uk. 2004. Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 20 Luanistyn 2011. Feddynit magh er 13 Mayrnt 2018.
↑ "Biografie Friedrich Ebert 1871-1925" [Biography of Friedrich Ebert]. www.dhm.de/lemo (ayns German). LeMO/Deutsches Historisches Museum. Feddynit magh er 14 Mayrnt 2018.
↑ Hosch, William L. (23 Mayrnt 2007). "The Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act of March 23, 1933". Britannica Blog (ayns American English). Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 11 Mayrnt 2019. Feddynit magh er 30 Mayrnt 2017.
↑ "Entstehung der DDR: Verfassung und Führungsrolle der SED" [Formation of the GDR: Constitution and the SED's Leadership Role]. www.hdg.de/lemo (ayns German). LeMO/Haus der Geschichte. Feddynit magh er 14 Mayrnt 2018.
↑ (31 Luanistyn 1990) Vertrag zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik über die Herstellung der Einheit Deutschlands (Einigungsvertrag) (Germaanish).
↑ "CDU-Altkanzler: Ludwig Erhard war nie CDU-Mitglied" (ayns de), Der Stern (25 Averil 2007). Feddynit magh er 8 Averil 2018.
↑ McFadden, Robert D. (24 Luanistyn 2016). "Walter Scheel, Leading Figure in West German Thaw With the East, Dies at 97". Feddynit magh er 14 Mayrnt 2018.

[11] Gyn olteynys partee; agh v'eh kianglt rish y CDU.^[10] Ny s'anmey, haink Erhard dy ve ny hoshiagh er y CDU eddyr 1966 as 1967.

[13] Myr Lhiass Hansyleyr fo Brandt, ren Scheel shirveish myr Shansyleyr shallidagh lurg served as acting Chancellor following dirree Brandt ass.^[11]

[grundgesetz-bpb-1] "Neuland Grundgesetz | Abkehr von Weimarer Verfassung – Reaktion auf Nazi-Deutschland" [Virgin Soil "Basic Law" | Departure from Weimar Constitution - Reaction to Nazi Germany] (ayns German). Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. 1 Mean Fouyir 2008. Feddynit magh er 13 Mayrnt 2018.

[2] "Tasks of the Federal Chancellor". bundeskanzlerin.de. The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. Feddynit magh er 13 Mayrnt 2018.

[north-german-constitution-3] Verfassung des Norddeutschen Bundes [Bunraght y Ghermaan Hwoaie] (ayns German). 26 Mean Souree 1867 – via Wikisource.

[empire-constitution-4] Constitution of the German Empire [Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs] (ayns English). 16 Averil 1871 – via Wikisource.

[weimar-constitution-5] "The Seeds of Evil: The Rise of Hitler — The Constitution of the Weimar Republic". schoolshistory.org.uk. 2004. Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 20 Luanistyn 2011. Feddynit magh er 13 Mayrnt 2018.

[6] "Biografie Friedrich Ebert 1871-1925" [Biography of Friedrich Ebert]. www.dhm.de/lemo (ayns German). LeMO/Deutsches Historisches Museum. Feddynit magh er 14 Mayrnt 2018.

[7] Hosch, William L. (23 Mayrnt 2007). "The Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act of March 23, 1933". Britannica Blog (ayns American English). Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 11 Mayrnt 2019. Feddynit magh er 30 Mayrnt 2017.

[8] "Entstehung der DDR: Verfassung und Führungsrolle der SED" [Formation of the GDR: Constitution and the SED's Leadership Role]. www.hdg.de/lemo (ayns German). LeMO/Haus der Geschichte. Feddynit magh er 14 Mayrnt 2018.

[unification-treaty-9] (31 Luanistyn 1990) Vertrag zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik über die Herstellung der Einheit Deutschlands (Einigungsvertrag) (Germaanish).

[stern-erhard-cdu-10] "CDU-Altkanzler: Ludwig Erhard war nie CDU-Mitglied" (ayns de), Der Stern (25 Averil 2007). Feddynit magh er 8 Averil 2018.

[12] McFadden, Robert D. (24 Luanistyn 2016). "Walter Scheel, Leading Figure in West German Thaw With the East, Dies at 97". Feddynit magh er 14 Mayrnt 2018.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[a]

[b]

[10]

[11]

je rs re Shansyleyryn y Ghermaan (veih 1867)
Cochiangle y Ghermaan Hwoaie Bundeskanzler (1867–1871)	Otto von Bismarck
Impiraght y Ghermaan Reichskanzler (1871–1918)	Otto von Bismarck Leo von Caprivi Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst Bernhard von Bülow Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg Georg Michaelis Georg von Hertling Prince Maximilian von Baden
Pobblaght Weimar Reichskanzler (1919–1933)	Friedrich Ebert Philipp Scheidemann (myr Ministerpräsident) Gustav Bauer (myr Ministerpräsident, Shansyleyr ny s'anmey) Hermann Müller Konstantin Fehrenbach Joseph Wirth Wilhelm Cuno Gustav Stresemann Wilhelm Marx Hans Luther Wilhelm Marx Hermann Müller Heinrich Brüning Franz von Papen Kurt von Schleicher
Y Ghermaan Natseeagh Reichskanzler (1933–1945)	Adolf Hitler Joseph Goebbels Coontey Schwerin von Krosigk (myr Shirveishagh Toshee)
Pobblaght Chonastagh y Ghermaan Bundeskanzler (1949–jiu)	Konrad Adenauer (CDU, 1949–1963) Ludwig Erhard (CDU, 1963–1966) Kurt Georg Kiesinger (CDU, 1966–1969) Willy Brandt (SPD, 1969–1974) Helmut Schmidt (SPD, 1974–1982) Helmut Kohl (CDU, 1982–1998) Gerhard Schröder (SPD, 1998–2005) Angela Merkel (CDU, 2005–2021) Olaf Scholz (SPD, 2021–jiu)
Rolley ny shansyleyryn