Livonish
Livonish | ||
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līvõ kēļ | ||
Goll er loayrt ayns | Yn Latvey | |
Ard | Livonia (Coose Livonia) | |
Baase çhengey | 28 Toshiaght Arree 2009, tra hooar Viktor Berthold baase.[1] | |
Kynney çhengey | Ooralagh
| |
Coadyn çhengey | ||
ISO 639-1 | gyn coad | |
ISO 639-2 | fiu | |
ISO 639-3 | liv | |
Nodyn: Foddee vel cowraghyn sheeanagh ASE ayns Unicode er yn duillag shoh. |
Ta Livonish (līvõ kēļ ny rānda kēļ) nane jeh ny çhengaghyn Finnagh 'sy chynney çhengey Ooralagh. T'ee ny çhengey lieh-vio va loayrit gys nish ec mygeayrt 35 loayreyderyn, as 10 jeu nyn loayreyderyn flaaoil.[2] Ta faggys-vooinjerys eddyr ee as yn Estoinish. She Livonia (Līvõmō) thalloo dooie ny Livonee, as t'ee ny lhie 'sy Latvey, ayns twoaie y lhieh-innys Kurzeme. Ta Livonee chynneeagh ennagh gynsee yn çhengey as ad jannoo eiyrtys yn çhengey y aavioghey, agh er yn oyr dy vel ny Livonee nyn mynlught, cha nel ram caayn ayn dys ymmyd y yannoo lesh y Livonish. Er y phabyr-naight Estoinagh, Eesti Päevaleht, hooar y loayreyder dooghyssagh jerrinagh, Viktor Berthold, baase er 28 Toshiaght Arree 2009. Myr nah çhengey, ta mygeayrt 20 loayreyderyn y Livonish ayn.
Sheeanchoryssaghtys
[reagh | edit source]Breeocklyn
[reagh | edit source]Ta 8 breeocklyn 'sy Livonish:
Toshee | Meanagh | Cooyl | |
---|---|---|---|
Doont | i /i/ | õ /ɨ/ | u /u/ |
Lieh-ghoont | ȯ /ʊ/ | ||
Eddyr | e /ɛ/ | [ə]1 | o /o/ |
Foshlit | ä /æ/ | a /ɑ/ |
- Ta /ɨ/ gyn trimmid focklit magh myr [ə].
Foddee dy vel dagh breeockle liauyr ny giare. Ta breeocklyn giare screeuit myr ta soilshit magh 'sy taabyl; ta breeocklyn liauyr screeuit lesh macron ("¯") erskyn shen çheu heose jeh'n lettyr, myr sampleyr, [æː] = ǟ. Ta cronnalys er corys breeocklagh y Livonish er son shellooderys stød, cosoylagh rish y Danvargish. Myr t'ayns çhengaghyn elley lesh y tro shen, t'eh er credjal dy vel y yindys shen ny lorg blass ardjey ny s'leah.
Corocklyn
[reagh | edit source]Ta 23 corocklyn 'sy Livonish:
Meillagh | Feeacklagh | Cleaoil | Coghooysagh | Sluggidagh | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stronnagh | m /m/ | n /n/ | ņ /ɲ/ | [ŋ]1 | ||
Bleaystagh | neughooagh | p /p/ | t /t̪/ | ț /c/ | k /k/ | |
gooagh | b /b/ | d /d̪/ | ḑ /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | ||
Screebagh | neughooagh | f /f/ | s /s/ | š /ʃ/ | h /h/ | |
gooagh | v /v/ | z /z/ | ž /ʒ/ | |||
Craa | r /r/ | ŗ /rʲ/ | ||||
Faggyssaght | Meanagh | j /j/ | ||||
Lhiattagh | l /l/ | ļ /ʎ/ |
Ta /n/ çheet dy ve [ŋ] roish /k/ ny /ɡ/.
Abbyrlhit
[reagh | edit source]Ta'n abbyrlhit Livonagh ny chrosh-sheelragh ta mestey cairscreeu Latvagh as Estoinagh.
A/a, Ā/ā, Ä/ä, Ǟ/ǟ, B/b, D/d, Ḑ/ḑ, E/e, Ē/ē, F/f, G/g, H/h, I/i, Ī/ī, J/j, K/k, L/l, Ļ/ļ, M/m, N/n, Ņ/ņ, O/o, Ō/ō, Ȯ/ȯ, Ȱ/ȱ, Õ/õ, Ȭ/ȭ, P/p, R/r, Ŗ/ŗ, S/s, Š/š, T/t, Ț/ț, U/u, Ū/ū, V/v, Z/z, Ž/ž
Grammeydys
[reagh | edit source]Shennaghys
[reagh | edit source]'Sy 19oo eash, va 2,000 Livonisheyryn ayn; ayns 1852, cha row agh 2,394 Livonisheyryn faagit (Ariste 1981: 78). Chur ram taghyrtyn shendeeagh lesh baase çhengagh y Livonish:
- 'Sy 13oo eash, va mygeayrt 30,000 Livonisheyryn (Schätzung Vääri, 1966).
- Y Ruegys Germaanagh: mygeayrt ny bleeaney 1200, ren Braaryn Livonagh y Chliwe as ny reejeryn Teutonagh cummaltys er Livonia, as y taghyrt shen çheet dys arganys fo stiurey yn ard shen eddyr ny h-oardee shen as Ard-aspickys Rīga.
- 1522: Çheet stiagh y Aachummey. Va Kurzeme greimmit ec y Danvarg.
- 1557: Y Ruegys Rooshagh.
- 1558-1583: Caggey Livonia. Haghyr caggey eddyr ny Rooshee, ny Soolynnee, ny Danvargee, ny Litaanee as ny Polynnee mychione reill yn ard.
- 1721: Conaant Nystad. Haink er Livonia as Kurzeme dy ve nyn queiggaghyn 'sy Roosh Tsaragh.
- 1918: Bunneeaght ny Latvey; haghyr aavioghey y Livonish.
- Y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh: Ooirraghey y Livonish.
Abbyrtyn cadjin
[reagh | edit source]- Hello! – Tēriņtš!
- Bon Appetit - Jõvvõ sīemnaigõ!
- Moghrey mie! - Jõvā ūomõg! / Jõvvõ ūomõgt!
- Laa mie! - Jõvā pǟva! / Jõvvõ päuvõ!
- Gura mie ayd! - Tienū!
- Blein Vie Noa! - Vȯndzist Ūdāigastõ!
- geddyn baase - kȭlmä
- un – ikš
- daa – kakš
- tree – kuolm
- kiare – nēļa
- queig – vīž
- shey – kūž
- shiaght – seis
- hoght – kōdõks
- nuy – īdõks
- jeih – kim
Sampleyr screeuit jeh'n çhengey
[reagh | edit source]Mustā plagā valsõ
- Kubbõ āt tuļ immõr satunnõd mingizt.
- Mustā lupāt um vȯrd tutkām jūs.
- Nǟlgalizt nīelõb min mȯistõmõt rõkūd
- Sigžtūļ käds ikš dadžā ja ūgõb.
- Mitikš äb tō ku sa kēratõkst pǟgiñ:
- Um jõvīst, až sāina pǟl kēratõd "A".
- Võid stalažod arrõ, až sainõ äb sȭita -
- Ma vāgiž set kītõb, ku jõvīst tīed sa
- Ja tikkiž ja tegīž um lagtõd sin tōmi
- Sīest, mis sinnõn tīemõst ja mis sinā võid.
- Až suggõbõd suodād ja revolūtsijõd,
- Siz nustām sīes pāikal. Pǟdõ ka mēg.
- Až nai ikškõrd vāldiž ka mäddõn tīeb sillõ.
- Īezõ palābõd sīlmad, kus pīegiļtiz irm.
- Siz grumā touvõd mäd' āndabõd villõ
- Ja kõzzist pīkstõbõd pimdõd joud.
- Ni īdskubs himnõ mēg lōlam īe pierrõ,
- Sīest mēḑi ta kāitsõb ja sīnda ka tōks.
- Sīest lōlam mēg: "Julgizt ni, veļīd, tīe jūrõ!"
- Täuds sidāms oppõrmīel põrāndõks.
- Leb Valst āigastsadā võilõb se kāngaz,
- Mustā ku loptõmõt mōīlmarūim.
- Kuñš īebõd pandõkst, kūoḑõd ja kuodād,
- Täddõn nagrõs muidlõb kūolõn pǟlū.
- Focklyn liorish Tõnu Trubetsky
Imraaghyn
[reagh | edit source]- ↑ Ta Livonish currit er rolley myr çhengey ayns “gaue criticoil” ayns atlas by yerree jeh çhengaghyn t'ayns gaue as y lioar shen currit ry-cheilley liorish Sheshaght Ynsee, Oaylleeagh as Chultooragh ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit - Latvee er moggyl
- ↑ ed. György Nanovfszky: Nyelvrokonaink, Budapest, 2000.
Jeeagh er neesht
[reagh | edit source]- Min izāmō – Arrane ashoonagh ny Livonee
- Tulli Lum - Possan kiaullee lesh arraneyder Livonish
Claare lioaragh
[reagh | edit source]- Fanny de Sivers. 2001. Parlons live – Une langue de la Baltique. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-7475-1337-8. (Frangish)
- Paul Ariste 1981. Keelekontaktid. Tallinn: Valgus. [pt. 2.6. Kolme läänemere keele hääbumine lk. 76 - 82] (Estoinish)
- Lauri Kettunen. 1938. Livisches Wörterbuch : mit grammatischer Einleitung. Helsinki: Finno-Ugrian Society. (Germaanish)
- Tooke, William (1799). View of the Russian Empire During the Reign of Catharine the Second, and to the Close of the Present Century. London: T. N. Longman, O. Rees, and J. Debrett. dgn. pp. 523-527.
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Kianglaghyn mooie
[reagh | edit source]- Virtual Livonia (Baarle)
- Coontys Ethnologue (Baarle)
- Fockleyr Latvish-Livonish-Baarle (Latvish) (Baarle) (Livonish)
Çhengaghyn Ooralagh |
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Finn-Baltagh | Estoinish (Võroish) · Finnlynnish (Abbyrtyn Savonagh · Kvenish · Meänkielish) · Ingrish · Karelish (Ludish · Karelish Olonetsagh) · Livonish · Vepsish · Votish |
Finn-Volgagh | Marish · Erzyaish · Meryaish · Meshcherish · Mokshaish · Muromish |
Laplannagh | Akkala · Hwoaie · Inari · Kemi · Kildin · Lule · Pite · Skolt · Ter · Ume · Yiass |
Permagh | Komish (Komish-Zyriish · Komish-Phermyakish · Yazvagh) · Udmurtish |
Oogragh | Khantyish · Mansish · Ungaarish |
Samoidagh | Enetsish · Kamassish · Koibalish · Matorish (Taygish) · Nenetsish · Nganasanish · Selkupish · Yuratsish |
Ta clou iddaalagh soilshaghey magh çhengaghyn marroo. |