Livonish
| Livonish | |
|---|---|
| līvõ kēļ | |
| Dooghyssagh ayns | Y Latvey |
| Ard | Coose Livonia |
| Kynneeaght | Livonee |
| Marroo | 2 Mean Souree 2013, lesh baase Grizelda Kristiņa |
| Aavioghey | 1 loayreyder L1 (2022)[1] ~40 loayreyderyn L2 ec B1 as ny s'yrjey ~210 ec A1–A2[2] |
| Kynney çhengey | |
| Abbyrtyn | |
| Abbyrlhit y Livonish | |
| Staydys oikoil | |
Myn-çhengey ennit ayns | |
| Coadyn çhengey | |
| ISO 639-3 | liv |
| Glottolog | livv1244 |
| ELP | Livonian |
 | |
Ta Livonish (līvõ kēļ ny rānda kēļ "glare ny çhengey yn choose") nane jeh ny çhengaghyn Finnagh 'sy chynney çhengey Ooralagh. T'ee ny çhengey lieh-vio va loayrit gys nish ec mygeayrt 35 loayreyderyn, as 10 jeu nyn loayreyderyn flaaoil.[8] Ta faggys-vooinjerys eddyr ee as yn Estoinish. She Coose Livonia (Līvõmō) thalloo dooie ny Livonee, as t'ee ny lhie 'sy Latvey, ayns twoaie lieh-innys y Churlynn. Ta Livonee chynneeagh ennagh gynsaghey yn çhengey as ad jannoo eiyrtys y çhengey y aavioghey, agh er-yn-oyr dy vel ny Livonee nyn mynlagh, cha nel ram caayn ayn dys ymmyd y yannoo lesh y Livonish. Hooar y Livonisheyr jerrinagh, Grizelda Kristiņa, baase er 2 Mean Souree 2013.[6][7]
Sheeanchoryssaghtys
[reagh | reagh y bun]Breeocklyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]Ta 8 breeocklyn 'sy Livonish:
| Toshee | Meanagh | Cooyl | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doont | i /i/ | õ /ɨ/ | u /u/ |
| Lieh-ghoont | ȯ /ʊ/ | ||
| Eddyr | e /ɛ/ | [ə]1 | o /o/ |
| Foshlit | ä /æ/ | a /ɑ/ |
- Ta /ɨ/ gyn trimmid focklit magh myr [ə].
Foddee dy vel dagh breeockle liauyr ny giare. Ta breeocklyn giare screeuit myr ta soilshit magh 'sy taabyl; ta breeocklyn liauyr screeuit lesh macron ("¯") erskyn shen çheu heose jeh'n lettyr, myr sampleyr, [æː] = ǟ. Ta cronnalys er corys breeocklagh y Livonish er son shellooderys stød, cosoylagh rish y Danvargish. Myr t'ayns çhengaghyn elley lesh y tro shen, t'eh er credjal dy vel y yindys shen ny lorg blass ardjey ny s'leah.
Corocklyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]Ta 23 corocklyn 'sy Livonish:
| Meillagh | Feeacklagh | Cleaoil | Coghooysagh | Sluggidagh | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stronnagh | m /m/ | n /n/ | ņ /ɲ/ | [ŋ]1 | ||
| Bleaystagh | neughooagh | p /p/ | t /t̪/ | ț /c/ | k /k/ | |
| gooagh | b /b/ | d /d̪/ | ḑ /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | ||
| Screebagh | neughooagh | f /f/ | s /s/ | š /ʃ/ | h /h/ | |
| gooagh | v /v/ | z /z/ | ž /ʒ/ | |||
| Craa | r /r/ | ŗ /rʲ/ | ||||
| Faggyssaght | Meanagh | j /j/ | ||||
| Lhiattagh | l /l/ | ļ /ʎ/ | ||||
Ta /n/ çheet dy ve [ŋ] roish /k/ ny /ɡ/.
Abbyrlhit
[reagh | reagh y bun]Ta'n abbyrlhit Livonagh ny chrosh-sheelragh ta mestey cairscreeu Latvagh as Estoinagh.
A/a, Ā/ā, Ä/ä, Ǟ/ǟ, B/b, D/d, Ḑ/ḑ, E/e, Ē/ē, F/f, G/g, H/h, I/i, Ī/ī, J/j, K/k, L/l, Ļ/ļ, M/m, N/n, Ņ/ņ, O/o, Ō/ō, Ȯ/ȯ, Ȱ/ȱ, Õ/õ, Ȭ/ȭ, P/p, R/r, Ŗ/ŗ, S/s, Š/š, T/t, Ț/ț, U/u, Ū/ū, V/v, Z/z, Ž/ž
Grammeydys
[reagh | reagh y bun]Shennaghys
[reagh | reagh y bun]'Sy 19oo eash, va 2,000 Livonisheyryn ayn; ayns 1852, cha row agh 2,394 Livonisheyryn faagit (Ariste 1981: 78). Chur ram taghyrtyn shendeeagh lesh baase çhengagh y Livonish:
- 'Sy 13oo eash, va mygeayrt 30,000 Livonisheyryn (Schätzung Vääri, 1966).
- Y Ruegys Germaanagh: mygeayrt ny bleeaney 1200, ren Braaryn Livonagh y Chliwe as ny reejeryn Teutonagh cummaltys er Livonia, as y taghyrt shen çheet dys arganys fo stiurey yn ard shen eddyr ny h-oardee shen as Ard-aspickys Rīga.
- 1522: Çheet stiagh y Aachummey. Va Kurzeme greimmit ec y Danvarg.
- 1557: Y Ruegys Rooshagh.
- 1558-1583: Caggey Livonia. Haghyr caggey eddyr ny Rooshee, ny Soolynnee, ny Danvargee, ny Litaanee as ny Polynnee mychione reill yn ard.
- 1721: Conaant Nystad. Haink er Livonia as Kurzeme dy ve nyn queiggaghyn 'sy Roosh Tsaragh.
- 1918: Bunneeaght ny Latvey; haghyr aavioghey y Livonish.
- Y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh: Ooirraghey y Livonish.
Abbyrtyn cadjin
[reagh | reagh y bun]- Hello! – Tēriņtš!
- Bon Appetit - Jõvvõ sīemnaigõ!
- Moghrey mie! - Jõvā ūomõg! / Jõvvõ ūomõgt!
- Laa mie! - Jõvā pǟva! / Jõvvõ päuvõ!
- Gura mie ayd! - Tienū!
- Blein Vie Noa! - Vȯndzist Ūdāigastõ!
- geddyn baase - kȭlmä
- un – ikš
- daa – kakš
- tree – kuolm
- kiare – nēļa
- queig – vīž
- shey – kūž
- shiaght – seis
- hoght – kōdõks
- nuy – īdõks
- jeih – kim
Sampleyr screeuit jeh'n çhengey
[reagh | reagh y bun]Mustā plagā valsõ
- Kubbõ āt tuļ immõr satunnõd mingizt.
- Mustā lupāt um vȯrd tutkām jūs.
- Nǟlgalizt nīelõb min mȯistõmõt rõkūd
- Sigžtūļ käds ikš dadžā ja ūgõb.
- Mitikš äb tō ku sa kēratõkst pǟgiñ:
- Um jõvīst, až sāina pǟl kēratõd "A".
- Võid stalažod arrõ, až sainõ äb sȭita -
- Ma vāgiž set kītõb, ku jõvīst tīed sa
- Ja tikkiž ja tegīž um lagtõd sin tōmi
- Sīest, mis sinnõn tīemõst ja mis sinā võid.
- Až suggõbõd suodād ja revolūtsijõd,
- Siz nustām sīes pāikal. Pǟdõ ka mēg.
- Až nai ikškõrd vāldiž ka mäddõn tīeb sillõ.
- Īezõ palābõd sīlmad, kus pīegiļtiz irm.
- Siz grumā touvõd mäd' āndabõd villõ
- Ja kõzzist pīkstõbõd pimdõd joud.
- Ni īdskubs himnõ mēg lōlam īe pierrõ,
- Sīest mēḑi ta kāitsõb ja sīnda ka tōks.
- Sīest lōlam mēg: "Julgizt ni, veļīd, tīe jūrõ!"
- Täuds sidāms oppõrmīel põrāndõks.
- Leb Valst āigastsadā võilõb se kāngaz,
- Mustā ku loptõmõt mōīlmarūim.
- Kuñš īebõd pandõkst, kūoḑõd ja kuodād,
- Täddõn nagrõs muidlõb kūolõn pǟlū.
- Focklyn liorish Tõnu Trubetsky
Imraaghyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]- ↑ ""Kūldaläpš. Zeltabērns" – izdota lībiešu valodas grāmata bērniem un vecākiem". Latvijas Sabiedriskie Mediji (LSM.lv). 2022-10-18. Feddynit magh er 2022-10-22.
- ↑ "LĪBIEŠU VALODAS SITUĀCIJA". Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 2014-02-02. Feddynit magh er 2012-01-19.
- ↑ "Endangered Language – DW – 06/17/2007". dw.com (ayns English). Feddynit magh er 2024-11-12.
- ↑ "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic" (ayns en) (2022-06-08). PLOS ONE. Ym-lioar 17 (6). doi:. PMID 35675367. Bibcode: 2022PLoSO..1769648R.
- ↑ Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
- ↑ a b Charter, David (2013-06-05). "Death of a language: last ever speaker of Livonian passes away aged 103", The Times.
- ↑ a b "Viimane emakeelne liivlane lahkus jäädavalt" Postimees, 14 Mean Souree 2013 (ayns Estoinish)
- ↑ ed. György Nanovfszky: Nyelvrokonaink, Budapest, 2000.
Jeeagh er neesht
[reagh | reagh y bun]- Min izāmō – Arrane ashoonagh ny Livonee
- Tulli Lum - Possan kiaullee lesh arraneyder Livonish
Claare lioaragh
[reagh | reagh y bun]- Fanny de Sivers. 2001. Parlons live – Une langue de la Baltique. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-7475-1337-8. (ayns Frangish)
- Paul Ariste 1981. Keelekontaktid. Tallinn: Valgus. [pt. 2.6. Kolme läänemere keele hääbumine lk. 76 - 82] (ayns Estoinish)
- Lauri Kettunen. 1938. Livisches Wörterbuch : mit grammatischer Einleitung. Helsinki: Finno-Ugrian Society. (ayns Germaanish)
- Tooke, William (1799). View of the Russian Empire During the Reign of Catharine the Second, and to the Close of the Present Century. London: T. N. Longman, O. Rees, and J. Debrett. dgn. 523–527.
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Kianglaghyn magh
[reagh | reagh y bun]
- Livones.lv
- Virtual Livonia
- Lioar raaghyn Latvish–Livonish–Baarle
- Saaseyn çhengey bentyn rish y Livonish ec Giellatekno
- Fockleyr Livonish – Latvish/Estoinish/Finnish
| Gurneil eaghtyrys: Ashoonagh |
|---|
