Cornish
| Cornish | |
|---|---|
| Kernowish | |
| |
| Fockley magh |
|
| Dooghyssagh ayns | Y Reeriaght Unnaneysit |
| Ard | Y Chorn |
| Kynneeaght | Cornee |
| Marroo | Jerrey yn 18oo eash[1][2][3][4] |
| Aavioghey | 20oo eash (563 loayreyderyn rere Coontey-pobble, 2021:[5] 557 'sy vlein 2011)[6] |
| Kynney çhengey | |
Cummaghyn stundayrtit | Cummey Screeuit Stundayrtit (Oikoil) Kernewek Kemmyn Cornish Unnaneysit Kernowek Stundayrtit Cornish Noa-emshiragh |
| Ladjynagh | |
| Staydys oikoil | |
Myn-çhengey ennit ayns | |
| Er ny churmey lesh | Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek |
| Coadyn çhengey | |
| ISO 639-1 | kw |
| ISO 639-2 | cor |
| ISO 639-3 | Eigsoylagh:cor – Cornish Noa-emshiraghcnx – Cornish Veanaghoco – Shenn Chornish |
cnx Cornish Veanagh | |
oco Shenn Chornish | |
| Glottolog | corn1251 |
| ELP | Cornish |
| Linguasphere | 50-ABB-a |
Ta Cornish ny Kernowish (Cornish: Kernewek/Kernowek ayns Cummey Screeudeyrys Bun-towshanit; Kernewek ayns CC as KK; Kernowek ayns CCL as KB; as Curnoack ayns CYA) ny çhengey Cheltiagh ta loayrit 'sy Chorn. Hannee yn çhengey myr çhengey yn phobble ayns rheynnyn ny Corn derrey jerrey yn 18-oo eash, agh veih toshiaght y 20-oo eash ta deiney ennagh jannoo eiyrtysyn ee y aavioghey.
Stayd roie
[reagh | reagh y bun]Çhengey aavioghit
[reagh | reagh y bun]Rere studeyrys liorish Kenneth McKinnon 'sy vlein 2000, va Cornish ghlane ec mygeayrt 300 dooinney. Agh rere speeideilys yn aavioghey t'eh oolit dy vel Cornish ghlane ec 2,000 dooinney 'sy vlein 2008, as va ram sleih fo jeih bleeaney as feed er nyn droggal ayns Cornish as Baarle.
Ta'n çhengey ry-akin ayns enmyn ynnydyn er feie yn choontae, as ta tustey mie ny çhengey cur cooney da deiney as ad jannoo eiyrtys toiggaltys y chur orroo. Ta enmyn Cornish ymmydit myr enmyn paitçhyn, beiyn, thieyn, as baataghyn. Ta ram lettyraght ry-gheddyn ayns Cornish jiu, as she bardaght y genre smoo scanshoil.
Rang-oardraghey
[reagh | reagh y bun]Shennaghys
[reagh | reagh y bun]Haink y Phrota-Chornish gys kione ny yei scarrey magh ny Brythonee ayns Somerset, Dorset, Devon as y Chorn veih ny Brythonee elley ayns Bretin liorish Cah Deorham 'sy vlein 577. Rere mooadaghey Wessex harrish ny h-eashyn ny yei, va'n thalloo fo stiurey ny Brythonee Heear Yiass ny sloo as ny sloo. 'Sy vlein 927, hug Athelstan ny Celtiee heear yiass magh ass Exeter as ren eh joarey ass y Tamer eddyr Exeter Anglo-Hostynagh as y Chorn Cheltiagh. Ny yei shen, hoshee yn çhengey gaase, as 'sy vlein 1300 va mygeayrt 38,000 loayreyderyn jeh'n çhengey. Rieau neayr's shen, huitt y mooad loayreyderyn ayns ny bleeantyn ny lurg:
| Blein | E | L | Q | Blein | E | L | Q |
| 1050 | 16,000 | 15,000 | 95% | 1450 | 62,000 | 33,000 | 54% |
| 1110 | 21,000 | 20,000 | 94% | 1500 | 69,000 | 33,000 | 48% |
| 1150 | 28,000 | 26,000 | 93% | 1550 | 76,000 | 30,000 | 40% |
| 1200 | 35,000 | 30,000 | 86% | 1600 | 84,000 | 22,000 | 26% |
| 1250 | 43,000 | 34,000 | 79% | 1650 | 93,000 | 14,000 | 15% |
| 1300 | 52,000 | 38,000 | 73% | 1700 | 106,000 | 5,000 | 5% |
| 1350 | 48,000 | 32,000 | 67% | 1750 | 140,000 | beggan beg | >0% |
| 1400 | 55,000 | 34,000 | 61% | 1800 | 192,000 | neunhee | 0% |
Noteyn: E = ooley yn phobble 'sy Chorn; L = ooley loayreyderyn ny Cornish; Q = Cornisheyryn 'sy cheead
T'ad focklyn ayns laue-screeuyn Ladjyn yn obbyr De Consolatione Philosophiae liorish Boethius veih'n vlein 525 ny kied focklyn ayns Cornish, as eh jannoo ymmyd jeh ny focklyn ud rocashaas, ny "v'eh (yn aigney) dwoaie da ny h-ynnydyn dorraghey".[7][8]
Sheeanaghtys as sheeanchoryssaghtys
[reagh | reagh y bun]Ta fockley magh ny Cornish tradishoonagh ny red far-vriwnyssagh, agh ta coardailys son y chooid smoo rish sheeanchoryssaghtys ny Cornish Aavioghit.
Corocklyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]Shoh taabyl ny Cornish Aavioghit myr ta moyllit son fockley magh chairscreeu ny Cornish Cho-unnaneyssit Lhiasit (CCL), as jannoo ymmyd jeh cowraghyn veih'n Abbyrlhit Sheeanchoryssaghtys Eddyr-ashoonagh (ASE).
| Daa-veillagh | Meill-eeacklagh | Feeacklagh | Cooyl-eeacklagh | Lurg-chooyleeacklagh | Cleaoil | Meill-choghooysagh | Coghooysagh | Sluggidagh | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bleaystagh | p b | t d | k g | ||||||
| Stronnagh | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Screebagh | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | x | h | |||
| Faggyssaght | ɹ | j | ʍ w | ||||||
| Faggyssaght lhiattagh |
l |
Breeocklyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]Shoh taabylyn ny Cornish Aavioghit myr ta moyllit son fockley magh cairscreeu ny Cornish Cho-unnanaghit Lhiasit (CCL), as jannoo ymmyd jeh cowraghyn veih'n Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyr-ashoonagh (ASE).
| Toshee | Meanagh | Cooyl | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doont | y | ||
| Lieh-ghoont | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Eddyr | ə | ||
| Eddyr-oshlit | ɛ œ | ɔ | |
| Lieh-oshlit | æ | ||
| Foshlit | a | ɒ |
| Toshee | Cooyl | |
|---|---|---|
| Doont | iː yː | uː |
| Eddyr-ghoont | eː øː | |
| Eddyr-oshlit | ɔː | |
| Lieh-oshlit | æː | |
| Foshlit | ɒː |
Sambylyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]Taabyl cosoylaght
[reagh | reagh y bun]Ta'n taabyl shoh cosoylaghey focklyn Cornish ennagh (screeuit ayns cairscreeuyn CYA, Kernewek Kemmyn as CSB) lesh corrymyn rish ny çhengaghyn Celtiagh elley.
| Cornish (CYA) | Cornish (KK) | Cornish (CSB) | Bretnish | Britaanish | Yernish | Gaelg Albinagh | Gaelg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kernowek | Kernewek | Kernewek, Kernowek | Cernyweg | Kerneveureg | Coirnis | Còrnais | Cornish |
| gwenenen | gwenenenn | gwenenen | gwenynen | gwenanenn | beach | seillean, beach | shellan |
| chayr, cadar | kador | kador {cador} | cadair | kador | cathaoir | cathair | caair |
| cues | keus | keus | caws | keuz | cáis | càise | caashey |
| mesporth | yn-mes | yn-mes | allanfa | er-maez | bealach amach | dol a-mach | dorrys magh |
| codha | koedha | kodha {codha} | codwm, disgyn, syrthio, cwympo, | kouezhañ | tit | tuiteam | tuittym |
| gavar | gaver | gaver | gafr | gavr | gabhair | gobhar | goayr |
| chy | chi | chi, chei | tŷ | ti | tigh/teach | taigh | thie |
| gwues | gweus | gweus | gwefus | gweuz | bruas | bile | meill |
| aber | aber | aber | aber | aber | inbhear | inbhir | inver |
| nyver | niver | niver | rhif, nifer | niver | uimhir | àireamh | earroo |
| peren | perenn | peren | gellygen, peren | perenn | piorra | peur | peear |
| scol | skol | skol {scol} | ysgol | skol | scoil | sgoil | scoill |
| megy | megi | megi {-y} | ysmygu | mogediñ | caith | smoc | toghtaney |
| steren | sterenn | steren | seren | steredenn | réalt | reul | rollage |
| hedhyw | hedhyw | hedhyw | heddiw | hiziv | inniu | an-diugh | jiu |
| whybana | hwibana | hwibana {whibana} | chwibanu | c'hwibanat | feadaíl | feadan | feddan |
| whel | hwel | hwel {whel} | chwarel | arvez | cairéal | coireall | quarral |
Raaghyn cadjin
[reagh | reagh y bun]Ta lettyraght as fockley magh ny raaghyn shoh heese gollrish bun-towshanyn Chernewek Kemmyn:
| Cornish | ASE | Gaelg |
|---|---|---|
| Myttin da | [ˈmɪttɪn ˈdaː] | "moghrey mie" |
| Dydh da | [ˈdɪːð ˈdaː] | "laa mie" |
| Fatla genes? | [ˈfatla ˈgɛˑnɛs] | "kys t'ou?" |
| Yn poynt da, meur ras | [ɪn ˈpɔjnt ˈdaː mœːr ˈraːs] | "Dy mie, gura mie ayd" |
| Py eur yw hi? | [ˈpɪː ˈœːr ɪw hiː] | "Cre'n traa t'eh?" |
| Ple'ma Rysrudh, mar pleg? | [ˈplɛː maː ˈrɪˑzrɪð mar ˈplɛːg] | "C'raad ta Rysrudh, my sailliu?" |
| Yma Rysrudh ogas dhe Gambron, heb mar! | [ɪˈmaː ˈrɪˑzrɪð ˈɔˑgas ðɛ ˈgamːbrɔn hɛb ˈmaːr] | "Ta Rysrudh faggys da Kammbronn, myrchaagh!" |
Jeeagh er neesht
[reagh | reagh y bun]Imraaghyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]- ↑ Spriggs, Matthew (2003). "Where Cornish was Spoken and When: A Provisional Synthesis". Cornish Studies. Ym-lioar 11: 228–269. Institute of Cornish Studies, University of Exeter Press.
- ↑ Ó Riagáin, Dónall (13 Jerrey Geuree 2015). "Cracks in the foundation of a language empire – the resurgence of autochthonous lesser used languages in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland". Ayns Stolz, Christel (rd.). Language Empires in Comparative Perspective. Berlin / München / Boston: De Gruyter. dgn. 77–88. ISBN 9783110408362. Feddynit magh er 11 Mean Fouyir 2021.
- ↑ MacAulay, Donald (1992). The Celtic languages. Cambridge University Press. dg. 346. ISBN 0521231272. OCLC 24541026.
- ↑ Ball & Müller 2009, dg. 491.
- ↑ "Main language (detailed) - Office for National Statistics". ONS.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 29 Mee Houney 2022. Feddynit magh er 6 Jerrey Geuree 2023.
- ↑ "Number of Welsh, Gaelic, Irish and Cornish speakers from the 2011 Census". ONS.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 9 Mean Souree 2017. Feddynit magh er 2 Mean Souree 2018.
- ↑ "Oxford scholars detect earliest record of Cornish". Er ny hashtey veih yn lhieggan bunneydagh er 2015-05-25. Feddynit magh er 2008-09-21.
- ↑ Sims-Williams, P. 'A New Brittonic Gloss on Boethius: ud rocashaas', Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 50 (Geurey 2005), 77-86.
Noteyn
[reagh | reagh y bun]- Ferdinand, Siarl (2013). A Brief History of the Cornish language, its Revival and its Current Situation. E-Keltoi, Ym-l. 2, 2 Dec. dgn. 199-227
- Berresford Ellis, P. The Story of the Cornish Language, Truru: Tor Mark Press. 1990.
- Jackson, Kenneth. Language and History in Early Britain. 1953.
- Weatherhill, C. Cornish Place names and Language. 1995.
Kianglaghyn çheumooie
[reagh | reagh y bun]
- A Handbook of the Cornish Language, lorish Henry Jenner eBook Project Gutenberg
- Ynnyd-eggey Chopharteeys ny Cornish
- Stashoon Radio Cornish Eddyr-voggylagh lesh pod-chreelaghyn shiaghtinagh ayns Cornish
- Spellyans - Rolley resooney magh ry hoi Cummey Screeudeyrys Bun-towshanit
- Ynnyd-eggey UdnFormScrefys ry hoi yn cairscreeu yeearrit, Kernowek Standard
- Ynnyd-eggey Bock as Bruch ry hoi yn cairscreeu yeearrit, Kernowek Dasunys
- Kernewek dre Lyther - Cornish by Post - Coorse coreggyrtys er-lhieen ny Cornish
- Kensa Kernewek - Fosley-raa gys y Chornish
- Blas Kernewek - Blass ny Cornish - lessoonyn bunneydagh ny Cornish currit magh ec BBC Cornwall
- Coheshaghtys ny Cornish
- Y Chornish ayns edjaghys 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit
- Cornish jiu liorish Kenneth MacKinnon - veih'n BBC^
- Cohionnal Celtiagh Eddyr-ashoonagh
- Fockleyr giare Cornish - Baarle - Shapaanish lesh fockley magh
- Recortys ny Cornish s'lheah feddynit magh liorish scollagyn ayns Oxford
- Recortys ny Cornish s'lheah feddynit magh liorish scollagyn ayns Oxford
Stoo biblagh
[reagh | reagh y bun]- Bibel Kernewek Shalee ry hoi Çhyndaa ny Bible gys y Chornish
- Testament Noweth—Yn Conaant Noa
Fockleyryn
[reagh | reagh y bun]- Fockleyr Baarle-Cornish, ayns cairscreeu CYA, y nah chur magh
- Fockleyr Cornish-Baarle: ass Webster's Online Dictionary Cur magh Rosetta.
- Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum: a Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall liorish Robert Williams, Llandovery, 1865.
Kianglaghyn dys artyn bentyn rish | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Cornish
- Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit
- Çhengaghyn Hostyn
- Çhengaghyn ayns gaue trome-chooishagh
- Çhengaghyn gymmyrkey feanish veih'n 9oo eash
- Çhengaghyn hooar baase 'sy 18oo eash
- Çhengaghyn Brythonagh Heear Yiass
- Aavioghey yn Chornish
- Ashoonaghys Cornagh
- Çhengaghyn Celtiagh ayns gaue
- Çhengaghyn breear–kione–cass
- Aavioghey çhengey